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the most eminent

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1 Princeps

1.
princeps, cĭpis, adj. and subst. comm. [primus-capio], first in time or order (syn. primus).— Lit., in gen.:
ut quisque in fugā postremus, ita periculo princeps erat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 90:
princeps in proelium ibat, ultimus conserto proelio excedebat,
Liv. 21, 4:
princeps Horatius ibat,
first, in front, in advance, id. 1, 26 Weissenb. ad [p. 1445] loc.:
princeps fuit ad conatum exercitus comparandi,
Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 24:
Firmani principes pecuniae pollicendae fuerunt,
were the first to promise, id. ib. 7, 8, 23:
princeps in agendo,
id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; Caes. B. G. 7, 2:
omnium nationum exterarum princeps Sicilia se ad amicitiam populi Romani applicuit,
was the first that entered into friendship with the Roman people, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2:
princeps et solus bellum his indixit,
Nep. Thras. 1, 5:
princeps in haec verba jurat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 76:
ut principes talem nuntium attulisse viderentur,
to be the first, id. ib. 1, 53:
qui Formiarum moenia dicitur Princeps tenuisse,
Hor. C. 3, 17, 7:
matri Qui dederit princeps oscula,
Ov. F. 2, 714:
princeps turmas inducit Asilas,
Verg. A. 11, 620:
princeps ante omnes,
first of all, id. ib. 5, 833.—Of things:
quoniam exordium princeps omnium esse debet,
Cic. Inv. 1, 7, 19:
qualitatum aliae sunt principes, aliae ex lis ortae,
original, id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:
mensis Romani anni,
Col. 11, 2, 3:
addere principi Limo particulam,
Hor. C. 1, 16, 13:
dies imperii princeps, vitae supremus,
Tac. A. 1, 9.—
B.
The first, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble (syn. primores):
longe omnium gravitate princeps Plato,
Cic. Or. 19, 62:
Eudoxus in astrologiā facile princeps,
id. Div. 2, 42, 87:
quaedam principes feminae,
certain noble ladies, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 119:
principe loco genitus,
id. 37, 2, 11, § 40.—Prov.:
principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35. —Rarely of things:
gemma princeps Sardonychus,
Juv. 13, 138.—
II.
As subst.: princeps, cĭpis, m., the first man, first person:
princeps senatŭs,
the first senator on the censor's list, the first member of the Senate, Liv. 34, 44.—
B.
Esp., the first, chief, principal, most distinguished person:
quales in re publicā principes essent, talis reliquos solere esse civis,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 12:
juventutis,
one of the noblest of the Roman knights, id. Vatin. 10, 24: trecenti conjuravimus principes juventutis Romanae, i. e. high-born or patrician youths, Liv. 2, 12, 15 (= proceres juventutis, id. 10, 28, 7); 42, 61, 5.—In the time of the emperors this was also a title of honor given to the prince, the heir to the empire, Tac. A. 1, 3:
sacerdotum,
the high-priest, Vulg. Act. 4, 6. —
C.
A chief, head, author, originator, leader, contriver, etc.:
princeps atque architectus sceleris,
Cic. Clu. 22, 60:
Zeno eorum (Stoicorum) princeps non tam rerum inventor fuit, quam verborum novorum,
id. Fin. 3, 2, 5:
princeps Argonautarum,
i. e. Jason, id. Tusc. 4, 32, 69:
principes consilii publici, i. e. senatus,
id. Sest. 45, 97:
conjurationis,
id. Cat. 1, 11, 27:
eorum omnium hic dux est atque princeps,
id. Har. Resp. 26, 57:
regendae civitatis dux et sententiae princeps in senatu,
id. de Or. 3, 17, 63:
(pueri) aequalium principes,
first among their playfellows, id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:
gregis,
i. e. of players, Suet. Calig. 58:
principes sententiarum consulares,
who were first asked for their opinion, Liv. 8, 21:
hujus consilii principes,
Caes. B. G. 2, 14:
belli inferendi,
first in commencing hostilities, id. ib. 5, 52:
jam princeps equitum,
at the head of, Juv. 4, 32.—Of ancestors:
hinc Dardanus ortus Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum,
Verg. A. 3, 168 (cf., in this sense, principium, Sil. 15, 748; v. principium, II. B. 2.).—
D.
A chief, superior, director (ante- and post-class.):
principes, qui utrique rei praeponuntur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 32.—
E.
A prince, i. e. a ruler, sovereign, emperor ( poet. and post-Aug.):
hic ames dici pater atque princeps,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 50; Ov. P. 1, 2, 123; Tac. A. 1, 1:
quae non faciet quod principis uxor,
Juv. 6, 617; 8, 224.—
F.
In milit. lang.: princĭpes, um, m., the second line of soldiers, between the hastati and triarii, Liv. 8, 8; 22, 5; 30, 8; 37, 39; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 89; Veg. Mil. 1, 20; 2, 15; cf. Ov. F. 3, 129; and Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 249 sq.; p. 269 sq.—Princeps also signifies,
1.
A company or division of the principes: signum primi principis, of the first company of the principes, Liv. 26, 6, 1:
octavum principem duxit,
was centurion of the eighth maniple, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 8, 2.—
2.
A centurion or captain of the principes: princeps prior, the first captain of the principes, Caes. B. C. 3, 64 fin.:
princeps tertiae legionis,
Liv. 25, 14; cf. id. 42, 34.—
3.
The office of centurion of the principes, the centurionship or captaincy of the principes: mihi primus princeps prioris centuriae est adsignatus, the first captaincy of the principes, Liv. 42, 34, 8.— Comp.:
omnium priorum principum principiorem, si dici fas est,
Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 1.
2.
Princeps, cĭpis, m., a celebrated flute-player, Phaedr. 5, 7, 4.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Princeps
2 princeps

1.
princeps, cĭpis, adj. and subst. comm. [primus-capio], first in time or order (syn. primus).— Lit., in gen.:
ut quisque in fugā postremus, ita periculo princeps erat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 90:
princeps in proelium ibat, ultimus conserto proelio excedebat,
Liv. 21, 4:
princeps Horatius ibat,
first, in front, in advance, id. 1, 26 Weissenb. ad [p. 1445] loc.:
princeps fuit ad conatum exercitus comparandi,
Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 24:
Firmani principes pecuniae pollicendae fuerunt,
were the first to promise, id. ib. 7, 8, 23:
princeps in agendo,
id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; Caes. B. G. 7, 2:
omnium nationum exterarum princeps Sicilia se ad amicitiam populi Romani applicuit,
was the first that entered into friendship with the Roman people, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2:
princeps et solus bellum his indixit,
Nep. Thras. 1, 5:
princeps in haec verba jurat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 76:
ut principes talem nuntium attulisse viderentur,
to be the first, id. ib. 1, 53:
qui Formiarum moenia dicitur Princeps tenuisse,
Hor. C. 3, 17, 7:
matri Qui dederit princeps oscula,
Ov. F. 2, 714:
princeps turmas inducit Asilas,
Verg. A. 11, 620:
princeps ante omnes,
first of all, id. ib. 5, 833.—Of things:
quoniam exordium princeps omnium esse debet,
Cic. Inv. 1, 7, 19:
qualitatum aliae sunt principes, aliae ex lis ortae,
original, id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:
mensis Romani anni,
Col. 11, 2, 3:
addere principi Limo particulam,
Hor. C. 1, 16, 13:
dies imperii princeps, vitae supremus,
Tac. A. 1, 9.—
B.
The first, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble (syn. primores):
longe omnium gravitate princeps Plato,
Cic. Or. 19, 62:
Eudoxus in astrologiā facile princeps,
id. Div. 2, 42, 87:
quaedam principes feminae,
certain noble ladies, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 119:
principe loco genitus,
id. 37, 2, 11, § 40.—Prov.:
principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35. —Rarely of things:
gemma princeps Sardonychus,
Juv. 13, 138.—
II.
As subst.: princeps, cĭpis, m., the first man, first person:
princeps senatŭs,
the first senator on the censor's list, the first member of the Senate, Liv. 34, 44.—
B.
Esp., the first, chief, principal, most distinguished person:
quales in re publicā principes essent, talis reliquos solere esse civis,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 12:
juventutis,
one of the noblest of the Roman knights, id. Vatin. 10, 24: trecenti conjuravimus principes juventutis Romanae, i. e. high-born or patrician youths, Liv. 2, 12, 15 (= proceres juventutis, id. 10, 28, 7); 42, 61, 5.—In the time of the emperors this was also a title of honor given to the prince, the heir to the empire, Tac. A. 1, 3:
sacerdotum,
the high-priest, Vulg. Act. 4, 6. —
C.
A chief, head, author, originator, leader, contriver, etc.:
princeps atque architectus sceleris,
Cic. Clu. 22, 60:
Zeno eorum (Stoicorum) princeps non tam rerum inventor fuit, quam verborum novorum,
id. Fin. 3, 2, 5:
princeps Argonautarum,
i. e. Jason, id. Tusc. 4, 32, 69:
principes consilii publici, i. e. senatus,
id. Sest. 45, 97:
conjurationis,
id. Cat. 1, 11, 27:
eorum omnium hic dux est atque princeps,
id. Har. Resp. 26, 57:
regendae civitatis dux et sententiae princeps in senatu,
id. de Or. 3, 17, 63:
(pueri) aequalium principes,
first among their playfellows, id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:
gregis,
i. e. of players, Suet. Calig. 58:
principes sententiarum consulares,
who were first asked for their opinion, Liv. 8, 21:
hujus consilii principes,
Caes. B. G. 2, 14:
belli inferendi,
first in commencing hostilities, id. ib. 5, 52:
jam princeps equitum,
at the head of, Juv. 4, 32.—Of ancestors:
hinc Dardanus ortus Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum,
Verg. A. 3, 168 (cf., in this sense, principium, Sil. 15, 748; v. principium, II. B. 2.).—
D.
A chief, superior, director (ante- and post-class.):
principes, qui utrique rei praeponuntur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 32.—
E.
A prince, i. e. a ruler, sovereign, emperor ( poet. and post-Aug.):
hic ames dici pater atque princeps,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 50; Ov. P. 1, 2, 123; Tac. A. 1, 1:
quae non faciet quod principis uxor,
Juv. 6, 617; 8, 224.—
F.
In milit. lang.: princĭpes, um, m., the second line of soldiers, between the hastati and triarii, Liv. 8, 8; 22, 5; 30, 8; 37, 39; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 89; Veg. Mil. 1, 20; 2, 15; cf. Ov. F. 3, 129; and Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 249 sq.; p. 269 sq.—Princeps also signifies,
1.
A company or division of the principes: signum primi principis, of the first company of the principes, Liv. 26, 6, 1:
octavum principem duxit,
was centurion of the eighth maniple, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 8, 2.—
2.
A centurion or captain of the principes: princeps prior, the first captain of the principes, Caes. B. C. 3, 64 fin.:
princeps tertiae legionis,
Liv. 25, 14; cf. id. 42, 34.—
3.
The office of centurion of the principes, the centurionship or captaincy of the principes: mihi primus princeps prioris centuriae est adsignatus, the first captaincy of the principes, Liv. 42, 34, 8.— Comp.:
omnium priorum principum principiorem, si dici fas est,
Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 1.
2.
Princeps, cĭpis, m., a celebrated flute-player, Phaedr. 5, 7, 4.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > princeps
3 principes

1.
princeps, cĭpis, adj. and subst. comm. [primus-capio], first in time or order (syn. primus).— Lit., in gen.:
ut quisque in fugā postremus, ita periculo princeps erat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 90:
princeps in proelium ibat, ultimus conserto proelio excedebat,
Liv. 21, 4:
princeps Horatius ibat,
first, in front, in advance, id. 1, 26 Weissenb. ad [p. 1445] loc.:
princeps fuit ad conatum exercitus comparandi,
Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 24:
Firmani principes pecuniae pollicendae fuerunt,
were the first to promise, id. ib. 7, 8, 23:
princeps in agendo,
id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; Caes. B. G. 7, 2:
omnium nationum exterarum princeps Sicilia se ad amicitiam populi Romani applicuit,
was the first that entered into friendship with the Roman people, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2:
princeps et solus bellum his indixit,
Nep. Thras. 1, 5:
princeps in haec verba jurat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 76:
ut principes talem nuntium attulisse viderentur,
to be the first, id. ib. 1, 53:
qui Formiarum moenia dicitur Princeps tenuisse,
Hor. C. 3, 17, 7:
matri Qui dederit princeps oscula,
Ov. F. 2, 714:
princeps turmas inducit Asilas,
Verg. A. 11, 620:
princeps ante omnes,
first of all, id. ib. 5, 833.—Of things:
quoniam exordium princeps omnium esse debet,
Cic. Inv. 1, 7, 19:
qualitatum aliae sunt principes, aliae ex lis ortae,
original, id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:
mensis Romani anni,
Col. 11, 2, 3:
addere principi Limo particulam,
Hor. C. 1, 16, 13:
dies imperii princeps, vitae supremus,
Tac. A. 1, 9.—
B.
The first, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble (syn. primores):
longe omnium gravitate princeps Plato,
Cic. Or. 19, 62:
Eudoxus in astrologiā facile princeps,
id. Div. 2, 42, 87:
quaedam principes feminae,
certain noble ladies, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 119:
principe loco genitus,
id. 37, 2, 11, § 40.—Prov.:
principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35. —Rarely of things:
gemma princeps Sardonychus,
Juv. 13, 138.—
II.
As subst.: princeps, cĭpis, m., the first man, first person:
princeps senatŭs,
the first senator on the censor's list, the first member of the Senate, Liv. 34, 44.—
B.
Esp., the first, chief, principal, most distinguished person:
quales in re publicā principes essent, talis reliquos solere esse civis,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 12:
juventutis,
one of the noblest of the Roman knights, id. Vatin. 10, 24: trecenti conjuravimus principes juventutis Romanae, i. e. high-born or patrician youths, Liv. 2, 12, 15 (= proceres juventutis, id. 10, 28, 7); 42, 61, 5.—In the time of the emperors this was also a title of honor given to the prince, the heir to the empire, Tac. A. 1, 3:
sacerdotum,
the high-priest, Vulg. Act. 4, 6. —
C.
A chief, head, author, originator, leader, contriver, etc.:
princeps atque architectus sceleris,
Cic. Clu. 22, 60:
Zeno eorum (Stoicorum) princeps non tam rerum inventor fuit, quam verborum novorum,
id. Fin. 3, 2, 5:
princeps Argonautarum,
i. e. Jason, id. Tusc. 4, 32, 69:
principes consilii publici, i. e. senatus,
id. Sest. 45, 97:
conjurationis,
id. Cat. 1, 11, 27:
eorum omnium hic dux est atque princeps,
id. Har. Resp. 26, 57:
regendae civitatis dux et sententiae princeps in senatu,
id. de Or. 3, 17, 63:
(pueri) aequalium principes,
first among their playfellows, id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:
gregis,
i. e. of players, Suet. Calig. 58:
principes sententiarum consulares,
who were first asked for their opinion, Liv. 8, 21:
hujus consilii principes,
Caes. B. G. 2, 14:
belli inferendi,
first in commencing hostilities, id. ib. 5, 52:
jam princeps equitum,
at the head of, Juv. 4, 32.—Of ancestors:
hinc Dardanus ortus Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum,
Verg. A. 3, 168 (cf., in this sense, principium, Sil. 15, 748; v. principium, II. B. 2.).—
D.
A chief, superior, director (ante- and post-class.):
principes, qui utrique rei praeponuntur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 32.—
E.
A prince, i. e. a ruler, sovereign, emperor ( poet. and post-Aug.):
hic ames dici pater atque princeps,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 50; Ov. P. 1, 2, 123; Tac. A. 1, 1:
quae non faciet quod principis uxor,
Juv. 6, 617; 8, 224.—
F.
In milit. lang.: princĭpes, um, m., the second line of soldiers, between the hastati and triarii, Liv. 8, 8; 22, 5; 30, 8; 37, 39; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 89; Veg. Mil. 1, 20; 2, 15; cf. Ov. F. 3, 129; and Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 249 sq.; p. 269 sq.—Princeps also signifies,
1.
A company or division of the principes: signum primi principis, of the first company of the principes, Liv. 26, 6, 1:
octavum principem duxit,
was centurion of the eighth maniple, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 8, 2.—
2.
A centurion or captain of the principes: princeps prior, the first captain of the principes, Caes. B. C. 3, 64 fin.:
princeps tertiae legionis,
Liv. 25, 14; cf. id. 42, 34.—
3.
The office of centurion of the principes, the centurionship or captaincy of the principes: mihi primus princeps prioris centuriae est adsignatus, the first captaincy of the principes, Liv. 42, 34, 8.— Comp.:
omnium priorum principum principiorem, si dici fas est,
Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 1.
2.
Princeps, cĭpis, m., a celebrated flute-player, Phaedr. 5, 7, 4.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > principes
4 prima

prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;
but primus is rarely used for prior,
Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).
I.
In gen.:
qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,
Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:
primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:
verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,
Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:
primae litterae,
id. Att. 9, 6, 5:
primus inter homines nobilissimos,
id. Sest. 3, 6:
primi ex omnibus philosophis,
id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:
primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,
Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:
primus de mille fuisses,
Ov. H. 17, 105:
in primis,
among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:
in primis stetit,
id. Epam. 10, 3:
in primis pugnantes,
Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:
primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),
Quint. 3, 1, 8.—
II.
In partic.
A.
In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:
in primā provinciā,
at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:
digitus,
the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:
dentes,
the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:
ranis prima lingua cohaeret,
the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:
primā statim nocte,
at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:
sol,
i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:
luna,
i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:
primo quoque tempore,
at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:
primo quoque die,
id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:
me tibi primum quidque concedente,
id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:
fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:
quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,
Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:
prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),
Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:
multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:
in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:
suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,
id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:
hoc a primo cogitavit,
id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:
id a primo rectissime dicitur,
id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:
equites in primo late ire jubet,
in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:
qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,
Cic. Or. 64, 215. —
B.
First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:
princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:
sui municipii facile primus,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:
homo,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:
primis urbis placuisse,
Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:
juvenum primi,
Verg. A. 9, 785:
est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:
quia sum apud te primus,
I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:
primus humani generis,
Sil. 17, 255:
urbem Italiae primam,
Petr. 116:
praedium,
Cato, R. R. 1:
suavia prima habere,
to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:
otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,
Sall. C. 36, 4:
cura,
a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:
peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,
Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:
primas partes, or primas agere,
to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:
primas in causis agebat Hortensius,
Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:
actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:
amoris erga me tibi primas defero,
i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:
si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,
id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:
primas tenere,
to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:
homo domi suae cum primis locuples,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:
in primis lautus eques,
Nep. Att. 13, 1:
oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:
homo in primis improbissimus,
id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §
68: vir magnus in primis,
id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:
in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,
id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:
in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,
id. Att. 5, 1, 3:
in primis... dein,
first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).
A.
prīmō, at first, at the beginning, first, firstly.
1.
In gen.:
aedes primo ruere rebamur,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:
neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,
id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:
primo non accredidit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 4:
Themistocles solus primo profectus est,
id. Them. 6, 5:
contemptus est primo a tyrannis,
id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—
2.
With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:
primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:
primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,
Sall. C. 10, 3:
primo... deinde... tum... tum,
Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:
primo... deinde,
Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:
primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,
Cels. 5, 26, 34:
primo... inde,... hinc,
Liv. 30, 11, 6:
haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,
Sall. C. 10, 6:
dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,
Caes. B. G. 7, 15:
primo... postea... postremo, etc.,
Liv. 26, 39:
primo... mox,
id. 1, 50:
primo... mox deinde,
Just. 1, 3:
primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,
Sall. J. 111, 2:
neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—
3.
(Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:
primo... iterum,
Liv. 2, 51:
primo... rursus,
Suet. Aug. 17:
primo... secundo,
Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—
B.
prīmum, at first, first, in the first place, in the beginning (class.).
1.
In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:
Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:
primum... deinde... deinde,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:
primum... deinde... tum... postremo,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:
primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,
id. Div. 2, 56, 116:
primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,
id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:
primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,
id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:
primum... subinde,
Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:
primum... mox,
id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—
2.
Without other adverbs.
(α).
In gen.:
quaerenda pecunia primum est,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:
te Quicumque primum Produxit,
id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—
(β).
Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:
primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,
Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—
3.
With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.
(α).
Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:
ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:
ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:
simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:
tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—
(β).
Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):
post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—
(γ).
With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):
primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:
omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,
id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:
primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—
(δ).
With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:
hodie primum ire in ganeum,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:
quo die primum convocati su mus,
Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—
* C.
prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—
D.
prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > prima
5 primumdum

prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;
but primus is rarely used for prior,
Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).
I.
In gen.:
qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,
Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:
primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:
verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,
Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:
primae litterae,
id. Att. 9, 6, 5:
primus inter homines nobilissimos,
id. Sest. 3, 6:
primi ex omnibus philosophis,
id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:
primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,
Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:
primus de mille fuisses,
Ov. H. 17, 105:
in primis,
among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:
in primis stetit,
id. Epam. 10, 3:
in primis pugnantes,
Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:
primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),
Quint. 3, 1, 8.—
II.
In partic.
A.
In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:
in primā provinciā,
at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:
digitus,
the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:
dentes,
the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:
ranis prima lingua cohaeret,
the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:
primā statim nocte,
at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:
sol,
i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:
luna,
i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:
primo quoque tempore,
at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:
primo quoque die,
id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:
me tibi primum quidque concedente,
id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:
fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:
quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,
Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:
prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),
Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:
multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:
in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:
suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,
id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:
hoc a primo cogitavit,
id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:
id a primo rectissime dicitur,
id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:
equites in primo late ire jubet,
in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:
qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,
Cic. Or. 64, 215. —
B.
First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:
princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:
sui municipii facile primus,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:
homo,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:
primis urbis placuisse,
Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:
juvenum primi,
Verg. A. 9, 785:
est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:
quia sum apud te primus,
I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:
primus humani generis,
Sil. 17, 255:
urbem Italiae primam,
Petr. 116:
praedium,
Cato, R. R. 1:
suavia prima habere,
to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:
otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,
Sall. C. 36, 4:
cura,
a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:
peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,
Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:
primas partes, or primas agere,
to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:
primas in causis agebat Hortensius,
Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:
actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:
amoris erga me tibi primas defero,
i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:
si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,
id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:
primas tenere,
to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:
homo domi suae cum primis locuples,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:
in primis lautus eques,
Nep. Att. 13, 1:
oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:
homo in primis improbissimus,
id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §
68: vir magnus in primis,
id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:
in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,
id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:
in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,
id. Att. 5, 1, 3:
in primis... dein,
first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).
A.
prīmō, at first, at the beginning, first, firstly.
1.
In gen.:
aedes primo ruere rebamur,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:
neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,
id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:
primo non accredidit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 4:
Themistocles solus primo profectus est,
id. Them. 6, 5:
contemptus est primo a tyrannis,
id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—
2.
With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:
primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:
primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,
Sall. C. 10, 3:
primo... deinde... tum... tum,
Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:
primo... deinde,
Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:
primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,
Cels. 5, 26, 34:
primo... inde,... hinc,
Liv. 30, 11, 6:
haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,
Sall. C. 10, 6:
dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,
Caes. B. G. 7, 15:
primo... postea... postremo, etc.,
Liv. 26, 39:
primo... mox,
id. 1, 50:
primo... mox deinde,
Just. 1, 3:
primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,
Sall. J. 111, 2:
neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—
3.
(Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:
primo... iterum,
Liv. 2, 51:
primo... rursus,
Suet. Aug. 17:
primo... secundo,
Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—
B.
prīmum, at first, first, in the first place, in the beginning (class.).
1.
In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:
Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:
primum... deinde... deinde,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:
primum... deinde... tum... postremo,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:
primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,
id. Div. 2, 56, 116:
primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,
id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:
primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,
id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:
primum... subinde,
Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:
primum... mox,
id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—
2.
Without other adverbs.
(α).
In gen.:
quaerenda pecunia primum est,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:
te Quicumque primum Produxit,
id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—
(β).
Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:
primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,
Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—
3.
With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.
(α).
Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:
ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:
ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:
simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:
tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—
(β).
Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):
post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—
(γ).
With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):
primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:
omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,
id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:
primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—
(δ).
With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:
hodie primum ire in ganeum,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:
quo die primum convocati su mus,
Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—
* C.
prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—
D.
prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > primumdum
6 primus

prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;
but primus is rarely used for prior,
Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).
I.
In gen.:
qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,
Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:
primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:
verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,
Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:
primae litterae,
id. Att. 9, 6, 5:
primus inter homines nobilissimos,
id. Sest. 3, 6:
primi ex omnibus philosophis,
id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:
primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,
Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:
primus de mille fuisses,
Ov. H. 17, 105:
in primis,
among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:
in primis stetit,
id. Epam. 10, 3:
in primis pugnantes,
Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:
primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),
Quint. 3, 1, 8.—
II.
In partic.
A.
In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:
in primā provinciā,
at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:
digitus,
the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:
dentes,
the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:
ranis prima lingua cohaeret,
the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:
primā statim nocte,
at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:
sol,
i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:
luna,
i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:
primo quoque tempore,
at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:
primo quoque die,
id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:
me tibi primum quidque concedente,
id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:
fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:
quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,
Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:
prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),
Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:
multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:
in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:
suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,
id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:
hoc a primo cogitavit,
id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:
id a primo rectissime dicitur,
id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:
equites in primo late ire jubet,
in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:
qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,
Cic. Or. 64, 215. —
B.
First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:
princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:
sui municipii facile primus,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:
homo,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:
primis urbis placuisse,
Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:
juvenum primi,
Verg. A. 9, 785:
est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:
quia sum apud te primus,
I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:
primus humani generis,
Sil. 17, 255:
urbem Italiae primam,
Petr. 116:
praedium,
Cato, R. R. 1:
suavia prima habere,
to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:
otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,
Sall. C. 36, 4:
cura,
a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:
peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,
Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:
primas partes, or primas agere,
to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:
primas in causis agebat Hortensius,
Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:
actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:
amoris erga me tibi primas defero,
i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:
si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,
id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:
primas tenere,
to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:
homo domi suae cum primis locuples,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:
in primis lautus eques,
Nep. Att. 13, 1:
oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:
homo in primis improbissimus,
id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §
68: vir magnus in primis,
id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:
in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,
id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:
in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,
id. Att. 5, 1, 3:
in primis... dein,
first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).
A.
prīmō, at first, at the beginning, first, firstly.
1.
In gen.:
aedes primo ruere rebamur,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:
neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,
id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:
primo non accredidit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 4:
Themistocles solus primo profectus est,
id. Them. 6, 5:
contemptus est primo a tyrannis,
id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—
2.
With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:
primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:
primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,
Sall. C. 10, 3:
primo... deinde... tum... tum,
Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:
primo... deinde,
Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:
primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,
Cels. 5, 26, 34:
primo... inde,... hinc,
Liv. 30, 11, 6:
haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,
Sall. C. 10, 6:
dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,
Caes. B. G. 7, 15:
primo... postea... postremo, etc.,
Liv. 26, 39:
primo... mox,
id. 1, 50:
primo... mox deinde,
Just. 1, 3:
primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,
Sall. J. 111, 2:
neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—
3.
(Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:
primo... iterum,
Liv. 2, 51:
primo... rursus,
Suet. Aug. 17:
primo... secundo,
Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—
B.
prīmum, at first, first, in the first place, in the beginning (class.).
1.
In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:
Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:
primum... deinde... deinde,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:
primum... deinde... tum... postremo,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:
primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,
id. Div. 2, 56, 116:
primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,
id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:
primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,
id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:
primum... subinde,
Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:
primum... mox,
id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—
2.
Without other adverbs.
(α).
In gen.:
quaerenda pecunia primum est,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:
te Quicumque primum Produxit,
id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—
(β).
Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:
primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,
Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—
3.
With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.
(α).
Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:
ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:
ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:
simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:
tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—
(β).
Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):
post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—
(γ).
With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):
primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:
omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,
id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:
primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—
(δ).
With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:
hodie primum ire in ganeum,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:
quo die primum convocati su mus,
Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—
* C.
prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—
D.
prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > primus
7 prīnceps

prīnceps cipis, adj. [primus+CAP-], first in order, foremost: se principes ex omnibus bellum facturos pollicentur, Cs.: in fugā postremus, in periculo princeps: princeps Horatius ibat, in front, L.: principes pecuniae pollicendae fuerunt, took the lead in: princeps in haec verba iurat, Cs.: ut principes talem nuntium attulisse viderentur, might be the first, Cs.: matri Qui dederit princeps oscula, O.: Princeps ante omnīs agebat Agmen, first of all, V.: qualitatum aliae sunt principes, original: addere principi Limo particulam, H.— The first, chief, most eminent, most noble: longe omnium gravitate princeps Plato: terrarum populus, L.— Prov.: Principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est, H.—As subst m., the first man, first person: senatūs, first on the roll, S.: principes sententiarum consulares, who were first asked for their opinion, L.— The first, chief, leader, foremost man: in re p. principes esse: iuventutis, one of the noblest of the Roman knights: trecenti principes iuventutis Romanae, i. e. patrician youths, L.: (pueri) aequalium principes, first among their fellows. —A chief, head, author, founder, originator, leader, contriver: Zeno eorum (Stoicorum): Argonautarum, i. e. Jason: principes inferendi belli, Cs.: sententiae in senatu: eius consili principes, Cs.: equitum, at the head of, Iu.: familiae suae, founder, L.— A prince, ruler, sovereign, emperor: hic ames dici pater atque princeps, H.: principis uxor, Iu.—In the army, plur., orig., the foremost line ; hence, the heavy-armed, second line of soldiers ; cf. totidem princeps habebat Corpora (poet. for principes), O.— A company of the principes: primi principis signum, of the first company of the heavyarmed, L.: octavum principem duxit, was centurion of the eighth maniple.—A centurion of the principes: princeps prior, first captain of the principes, Cs.: tertiae legionis, L.— The office of centurion of the principes, captaincy of the principes: mihi primus princeps prioris centuriae est adsignatus, i. e. centurion of the first century of the first maniple, L.
* * *
I
(gen.), principis ADJ

first, foremost, leading, chief, front; earliest, original; most necessary
II
principis N M

leader/chief, first/leading member/citizen/man; master/expert; founder/proposer; Princeps (non-military title of Roman Emperor); senior Senator; leader of pack

Latin-English dictionary > prīnceps
8 excello

ex-cello, cellŭi, celsum, 3 (also acc. to the 2d conj., praes. indic. excellet, Aem. Mac. ap. Diom. p. 371 P., and subj. excelleat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 838 and 896 P.), v. a. and n. [cello].
I.
Act., to raise up, elevate; only:
recellere reclinare, et excellere in altum extollere,
Fest. p. 274, 31; and Paul. ib. 275, 11 Müll.; cf. the P. a. excelsus, below.—
II.
Neut., to rise, elevate itself (cf.: antecello, praesto, antecedo, emineo, floreo, vigeo).
A.
Lit., only in the P. a. excellens, q. v. A.—
B.
Trop.
1.
In gen., to exult, be elated: animus excellit rebus secundis, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14; 13, 24, 14.—Far more freq. (but not in Plaut. and Ter.; and in the verb. finit. not in Aug. poets),
2.
In partic., to be eminent, to distinguish one's self for any quality above others; to surpass, excel, in a good or (less freq.) in a bad sense:
ut is, qui dignitate principibus excellit facilitate infimis par esse videatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:
ut inter quos posset excellere, cum iis, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 1, 2 fin.:
inter omnes,
id. Or. 2, 6:
super ceteros,
Liv. 28, 43:
ante ceteros,
App. Flor. 16.—With dat.:
qui longe ceteris excellere pictoribus existimabatur,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:
quae una ceteris excellebat,
id. Tusc. 2, 18, 43; id. Fin. 3, 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 54, 216; id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39 al.:
ceteris,
Quint. 2, 20, 9.—With abl.:
bonā famā,
Lucr. 6, 13:
ingenio scientiāque,
Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4:
animi magnitudine,
id. Off. 1, 18 fin.:
actione,
id. Brut. 59, 215:
hoc genere virtutis,
id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:
dignitate,
Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 9:
altitudine,
Plin. 16, 6, 18, § 24:
candore,
id. 37, 6, 23, § 88 et saep.—With in and abl.:
in arte,
Cic. Rep. 1, 13:
in aliqua arte et facultate,
id. de Or. 1, 50, 217:
in alia parte orationis,
id. Brut. 59, 215:
maxime in amicitiis expetendis colendisque,
id. Lael. 9, 30; id. de Or. 2, 54, 217 et saep.— Absol.:
excellit atque eminet vis, potestas nomenque regium,
Cic. Rep. 2, 28; 2, 23; 1, 22; id. Div. 1, 19, 38; 1, 41, 91; id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.; Tac. Or. 32 (with eminere) et saep. —In a bad sense:
vitiis,
Cic. Leg. 1, 19, 51:
cum haec (flagitia), quae excellunt, me nosse videas,
id. Pis. 38 fin. —Hence,
1.
excellens, entis, P. a., rising, overtopping.
A.
Lit., high, lofty (very rare;
not in Cic.): oppida excellentibus locis constituta, Auct. B. Hisp. 8, 4: corpore excellens,
Vell. 2, 107.—Far more freq. and class.,
B.
Trop., distinguishing himself, distinguished, superior, surpassing, excellent:
deos rerum omnium praestantia excellentes,
Cic. Div. 2, 63:
Brutus noster excellens omni genere laudis,
id. Ac. 1, 3 fin.;
for which also: in omni genere,
id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; id. de Or. 2, 54, 220:
cujus excellens in re militari gloria,
id. Rep. 2, 17:
Galba fuit inter tot aequales unus excellens,
id. Brut. 97, 333:
natura excellens atque praestans,
id. N. D. 1, 20 fin.:
scientia excellens atque singularis,
id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.:
vir excellenti providentia,
id. Rep. 2, 3;
for which: excellente ingenii magnitudine,
id. Off. 1, 33 (al. excellenti and excellentis, v. Orell. ad h. l.):
studium,
Caes. B. C. 3, 34 fin.:
pulchritudo muliebris formae,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1: cygnus, * Verg. A. 12, 250 et saep.— Subst.: excellentia, ōrum, n., exceptional instances: nec excellentia, sed quotidiana tractabo, Aus. Grat. Act. § 62.— Comp.:
ova excellentiora,
Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 50:
nihil illo (sc. Alcibiade) fuisse excellentius, vel in vitiis, vel in virtutibus,
Nep. Alcib. 1.— Sup.:
excellentissima virtus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 99, 2; Sen. Vit. Beat. 14:
cultus,
Suet. Ner. 20:
triumphus,
id. Caes. 37:
aurum,
Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56 et saep.— Adv.: excellon-ter, excellently, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; Nep. Att. 1, 3.— Comp., Cic. Sest. 45.— Sup.:
excellentissime,
Aug. Civ. D. 17, 8.—
2.
ex-celsus, a, um, P. a., elevated, lofty, high (freq. and class.; cf.: celsus, editus, altus, sublimis, procerus, arduus).
A.
Lit.:
mons,
Caes. B. C. 1, 80, 2; cf.: vertex montis, * Verg. A. 5, 35:
locus,
Cic. Rep. 6, 11:
porticus,
id. Att. 4, 16, 14:
basis (statuae),
id. Verr. 2, 4, 34; cf.
signum,
id. ib.:
statura,
Suet. Caes. 45:
aves (Ibes),
Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:
altitudo vineae,
Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184 et saep.— Comp.:
in excelsiore loco,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31:
cornu (bovis),
Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 1; cf.:
crura chamaeleonis,
Plin. 8, 33, 51, § 120.— Sup.:
mons,
Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 4; cf.
locus,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 33 fin.:
rupes,
Plin. 10, 6, 7, § 19:
aegilops,
id. 16, 6, 8, § 22; 11, 37, 49, § 135.—
b.
Subst.
1.
excelsum, i, n., a height:
simulacrum Jovis in excelso collocare,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Att. 6, 1, 17:
Phoebus ab excelso, quantum patet, aspicit aequor,
Ov. H. 15, 165; so,
ab excelso,
id. F. 2, 369:
prohibebit in excelsum emicare (vitem),
Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184.—
2.
Ex-celsus, i, m., the Highest, the Most High, i. e. God (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 72, 11 al.—
B.
Trop.
1.
In gen., high, lofty, distinguished, excellent, noble:
te natura excelsum quendam videlicet et altum et humana despicientem genuit,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11; cf.:
magnus homo et excelsus,
id. Mur. 29:
animus excelsus magnificusque,
id. Off. 1, 23; cf. id. Opt. Gen. 4, 12:
excelso et illustri loco sita est laus tua,
id. Fam. 2, 5; cf.:
te in excelsissimo humani generis fastigio positum, Plin. H. N. praef. § 11: species magnae excelsaeque gloriac,
Tac. Agr. 4 fin. et saep.— Comp.:
(orator) grandior et quodammodo excelsior,
Cic. Or. 34; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 23; Plin. Pan. 94, 3:
quo tua in me humanitas fuerit excelsior quam in te mea,
Cic. Att. 3, 20 fin.—Sup.:
excelsissimae victoriae,
Vell. 2, 96 fin.:
duces,
id. 2, 114 fin.—Subst.
(α).
, m. plur.: excelsi, ōrum, the lofty; prov.:
excelsis multo facilius casus nocet,
Pub. Syr. 162 (Rib.).—
(β).
Neut.: excelsum, i, an elevated station or position:
in excelso aetatem agere,
i. e. in a high station, Sall. C. 51, 12.—Esp. (eccl. Lat.): in excelsis, in the highest, in ascriptions of praise, Vulg. Psa. 148, 1 al.—
2.
Esp., in the later period of the empire, a title of high official dignitaries, e. g. of the praefectus praetorio, etc.— Adv.: excelsē, highly, on high, loftily.
1.
Lit.:
si vitis scandit excelsius,
Col. 4, 1, 5.—
2.
Trop., in an elevated manner, highly:
ornat excelse,
Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 3:
excelsius magnificentiusque et dicet et sentiet,
Cic. Or. 34, 119:
excelsissime floruit (Sparta),
exceedingly, Vell. 1, 6, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > excello
9 excellonter

ex-cello, cellŭi, celsum, 3 (also acc. to the 2d conj., praes. indic. excellet, Aem. Mac. ap. Diom. p. 371 P., and subj. excelleat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 838 and 896 P.), v. a. and n. [cello].
I.
Act., to raise up, elevate; only:
recellere reclinare, et excellere in altum extollere,
Fest. p. 274, 31; and Paul. ib. 275, 11 Müll.; cf. the P. a. excelsus, below.—
II.
Neut., to rise, elevate itself (cf.: antecello, praesto, antecedo, emineo, floreo, vigeo).
A.
Lit., only in the P. a. excellens, q. v. A.—
B.
Trop.
1.
In gen., to exult, be elated: animus excellit rebus secundis, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14; 13, 24, 14.—Far more freq. (but not in Plaut. and Ter.; and in the verb. finit. not in Aug. poets),
2.
In partic., to be eminent, to distinguish one's self for any quality above others; to surpass, excel, in a good or (less freq.) in a bad sense:
ut is, qui dignitate principibus excellit facilitate infimis par esse videatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:
ut inter quos posset excellere, cum iis, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 1, 2 fin.:
inter omnes,
id. Or. 2, 6:
super ceteros,
Liv. 28, 43:
ante ceteros,
App. Flor. 16.—With dat.:
qui longe ceteris excellere pictoribus existimabatur,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:
quae una ceteris excellebat,
id. Tusc. 2, 18, 43; id. Fin. 3, 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 54, 216; id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39 al.:
ceteris,
Quint. 2, 20, 9.—With abl.:
bonā famā,
Lucr. 6, 13:
ingenio scientiāque,
Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4:
animi magnitudine,
id. Off. 1, 18 fin.:
actione,
id. Brut. 59, 215:
hoc genere virtutis,
id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:
dignitate,
Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 9:
altitudine,
Plin. 16, 6, 18, § 24:
candore,
id. 37, 6, 23, § 88 et saep.—With in and abl.:
in arte,
Cic. Rep. 1, 13:
in aliqua arte et facultate,
id. de Or. 1, 50, 217:
in alia parte orationis,
id. Brut. 59, 215:
maxime in amicitiis expetendis colendisque,
id. Lael. 9, 30; id. de Or. 2, 54, 217 et saep.— Absol.:
excellit atque eminet vis, potestas nomenque regium,
Cic. Rep. 2, 28; 2, 23; 1, 22; id. Div. 1, 19, 38; 1, 41, 91; id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.; Tac. Or. 32 (with eminere) et saep. —In a bad sense:
vitiis,
Cic. Leg. 1, 19, 51:
cum haec (flagitia), quae excellunt, me nosse videas,
id. Pis. 38 fin. —Hence,
1.
excellens, entis, P. a., rising, overtopping.
A.
Lit., high, lofty (very rare;
not in Cic.): oppida excellentibus locis constituta, Auct. B. Hisp. 8, 4: corpore excellens,
Vell. 2, 107.—Far more freq. and class.,
B.
Trop., distinguishing himself, distinguished, superior, surpassing, excellent:
deos rerum omnium praestantia excellentes,
Cic. Div. 2, 63:
Brutus noster excellens omni genere laudis,
id. Ac. 1, 3 fin.;
for which also: in omni genere,
id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; id. de Or. 2, 54, 220:
cujus excellens in re militari gloria,
id. Rep. 2, 17:
Galba fuit inter tot aequales unus excellens,
id. Brut. 97, 333:
natura excellens atque praestans,
id. N. D. 1, 20 fin.:
scientia excellens atque singularis,
id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.:
vir excellenti providentia,
id. Rep. 2, 3;
for which: excellente ingenii magnitudine,
id. Off. 1, 33 (al. excellenti and excellentis, v. Orell. ad h. l.):
studium,
Caes. B. C. 3, 34 fin.:
pulchritudo muliebris formae,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1: cygnus, * Verg. A. 12, 250 et saep.— Subst.: excellentia, ōrum, n., exceptional instances: nec excellentia, sed quotidiana tractabo, Aus. Grat. Act. § 62.— Comp.:
ova excellentiora,
Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 50:
nihil illo (sc. Alcibiade) fuisse excellentius, vel in vitiis, vel in virtutibus,
Nep. Alcib. 1.— Sup.:
excellentissima virtus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 99, 2; Sen. Vit. Beat. 14:
cultus,
Suet. Ner. 20:
triumphus,
id. Caes. 37:
aurum,
Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56 et saep.— Adv.: excellon-ter, excellently, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; Nep. Att. 1, 3.— Comp., Cic. Sest. 45.— Sup.:
excellentissime,
Aug. Civ. D. 17, 8.—
2.
ex-celsus, a, um, P. a., elevated, lofty, high (freq. and class.; cf.: celsus, editus, altus, sublimis, procerus, arduus).
A.
Lit.:
mons,
Caes. B. C. 1, 80, 2; cf.: vertex montis, * Verg. A. 5, 35:
locus,
Cic. Rep. 6, 11:
porticus,
id. Att. 4, 16, 14:
basis (statuae),
id. Verr. 2, 4, 34; cf.
signum,
id. ib.:
statura,
Suet. Caes. 45:
aves (Ibes),
Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:
altitudo vineae,
Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184 et saep.— Comp.:
in excelsiore loco,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31:
cornu (bovis),
Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 1; cf.:
crura chamaeleonis,
Plin. 8, 33, 51, § 120.— Sup.:
mons,
Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 4; cf.
locus,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 33 fin.:
rupes,
Plin. 10, 6, 7, § 19:
aegilops,
id. 16, 6, 8, § 22; 11, 37, 49, § 135.—
b.
Subst.
1.
excelsum, i, n., a height:
simulacrum Jovis in excelso collocare,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Att. 6, 1, 17:
Phoebus ab excelso, quantum patet, aspicit aequor,
Ov. H. 15, 165; so,
ab excelso,
id. F. 2, 369:
prohibebit in excelsum emicare (vitem),
Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184.—
2.
Ex-celsus, i, m., the Highest, the Most High, i. e. God (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 72, 11 al.—
B.
Trop.
1.
In gen., high, lofty, distinguished, excellent, noble:
te natura excelsum quendam videlicet et altum et humana despicientem genuit,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11; cf.:
magnus homo et excelsus,
id. Mur. 29:
animus excelsus magnificusque,
id. Off. 1, 23; cf. id. Opt. Gen. 4, 12:
excelso et illustri loco sita est laus tua,
id. Fam. 2, 5; cf.:
te in excelsissimo humani generis fastigio positum, Plin. H. N. praef. § 11: species magnae excelsaeque gloriac,
Tac. Agr. 4 fin. et saep.— Comp.:
(orator) grandior et quodammodo excelsior,
Cic. Or. 34; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 23; Plin. Pan. 94, 3:
quo tua in me humanitas fuerit excelsior quam in te mea,
Cic. Att. 3, 20 fin.—Sup.:
excelsissimae victoriae,
Vell. 2, 96 fin.:
duces,
id. 2, 114 fin.—Subst.
(α).
, m. plur.: excelsi, ōrum, the lofty; prov.:
excelsis multo facilius casus nocet,
Pub. Syr. 162 (Rib.).—
(β).
Neut.: excelsum, i, an elevated station or position:
in excelso aetatem agere,
i. e. in a high station, Sall. C. 51, 12.—Esp. (eccl. Lat.): in excelsis, in the highest, in ascriptions of praise, Vulg. Psa. 148, 1 al.—
2.
Esp., in the later period of the empire, a title of high official dignitaries, e. g. of the praefectus praetorio, etc.— Adv.: excelsē, highly, on high, loftily.
1.
Lit.:
si vitis scandit excelsius,
Col. 4, 1, 5.—
2.
Trop., in an elevated manner, highly:
ornat excelse,
Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 3:
excelsius magnificentiusque et dicet et sentiet,
Cic. Or. 34, 119:
excelsissime floruit (Sparta),
exceedingly, Vell. 1, 6, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > excellonter
10 excelsi

ex-cello, cellŭi, celsum, 3 (also acc. to the 2d conj., praes. indic. excellet, Aem. Mac. ap. Diom. p. 371 P., and subj. excelleat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 838 and 896 P.), v. a. and n. [cello].
I.
Act., to raise up, elevate; only:
recellere reclinare, et excellere in altum extollere,
Fest. p. 274, 31; and Paul. ib. 275, 11 Müll.; cf. the P. a. excelsus, below.—
II.
Neut., to rise, elevate itself (cf.: antecello, praesto, antecedo, emineo, floreo, vigeo).
A.
Lit., only in the P. a. excellens, q. v. A.—
B.
Trop.
1.
In gen., to exult, be elated: animus excellit rebus secundis, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14; 13, 24, 14.—Far more freq. (but not in Plaut. and Ter.; and in the verb. finit. not in Aug. poets),
2.
In partic., to be eminent, to distinguish one's self for any quality above others; to surpass, excel, in a good or (less freq.) in a bad sense:
ut is, qui dignitate principibus excellit facilitate infimis par esse videatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:
ut inter quos posset excellere, cum iis, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 1, 2 fin.:
inter omnes,
id. Or. 2, 6:
super ceteros,
Liv. 28, 43:
ante ceteros,
App. Flor. 16.—With dat.:
qui longe ceteris excellere pictoribus existimabatur,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:
quae una ceteris excellebat,
id. Tusc. 2, 18, 43; id. Fin. 3, 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 54, 216; id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39 al.:
ceteris,
Quint. 2, 20, 9.—With abl.:
bonā famā,
Lucr. 6, 13:
ingenio scientiāque,
Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4:
animi magnitudine,
id. Off. 1, 18 fin.:
actione,
id. Brut. 59, 215:
hoc genere virtutis,
id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:
dignitate,
Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 9:
altitudine,
Plin. 16, 6, 18, § 24:
candore,
id. 37, 6, 23, § 88 et saep.—With in and abl.:
in arte,
Cic. Rep. 1, 13:
in aliqua arte et facultate,
id. de Or. 1, 50, 217:
in alia parte orationis,
id. Brut. 59, 215:
maxime in amicitiis expetendis colendisque,
id. Lael. 9, 30; id. de Or. 2, 54, 217 et saep.— Absol.:
excellit atque eminet vis, potestas nomenque regium,
Cic. Rep. 2, 28; 2, 23; 1, 22; id. Div. 1, 19, 38; 1, 41, 91; id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.; Tac. Or. 32 (with eminere) et saep. —In a bad sense:
vitiis,
Cic. Leg. 1, 19, 51:
cum haec (flagitia), quae excellunt, me nosse videas,
id. Pis. 38 fin. —Hence,
1.
excellens, entis, P. a., rising, overtopping.
A.
Lit., high, lofty (very rare;
not in Cic.): oppida excellentibus locis constituta, Auct. B. Hisp. 8, 4: corpore excellens,
Vell. 2, 107.—Far more freq. and class.,
B.
Trop., distinguishing himself, distinguished, superior, surpassing, excellent:
deos rerum omnium praestantia excellentes,
Cic. Div. 2, 63:
Brutus noster excellens omni genere laudis,
id. Ac. 1, 3 fin.;
for which also: in omni genere,
id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; id. de Or. 2, 54, 220:
cujus excellens in re militari gloria,
id. Rep. 2, 17:
Galba fuit inter tot aequales unus excellens,
id. Brut. 97, 333:
natura excellens atque praestans,
id. N. D. 1, 20 fin.:
scientia excellens atque singularis,
id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.:
vir excellenti providentia,
id. Rep. 2, 3;
for which: excellente ingenii magnitudine,
id. Off. 1, 33 (al. excellenti and excellentis, v. Orell. ad h. l.):
studium,
Caes. B. C. 3, 34 fin.:
pulchritudo muliebris formae,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1: cygnus, * Verg. A. 12, 250 et saep.— Subst.: excellentia, ōrum, n., exceptional instances: nec excellentia, sed quotidiana tractabo, Aus. Grat. Act. § 62.— Comp.:
ova excellentiora,
Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 50:
nihil illo (sc. Alcibiade) fuisse excellentius, vel in vitiis, vel in virtutibus,
Nep. Alcib. 1.— Sup.:
excellentissima virtus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 99, 2; Sen. Vit. Beat. 14:
cultus,
Suet. Ner. 20:
triumphus,
id. Caes. 37:
aurum,
Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56 et saep.— Adv.: excellon-ter, excellently, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; Nep. Att. 1, 3.— Comp., Cic. Sest. 45.— Sup.:
excellentissime,
Aug. Civ. D. 17, 8.—
2.
ex-celsus, a, um, P. a., elevated, lofty, high (freq. and class.; cf.: celsus, editus, altus, sublimis, procerus, arduus).
A.
Lit.:
mons,
Caes. B. C. 1, 80, 2; cf.: vertex montis, * Verg. A. 5, 35:
locus,
Cic. Rep. 6, 11:
porticus,
id. Att. 4, 16, 14:
basis (statuae),
id. Verr. 2, 4, 34; cf.
signum,
id. ib.:
statura,
Suet. Caes. 45:
aves (Ibes),
Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:
altitudo vineae,
Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184 et saep.— Comp.:
in excelsiore loco,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31:
cornu (bovis),
Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 1; cf.:
crura chamaeleonis,
Plin. 8, 33, 51, § 120.— Sup.:
mons,
Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 4; cf.
locus,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 33 fin.:
rupes,
Plin. 10, 6, 7, § 19:
aegilops,
id. 16, 6, 8, § 22; 11, 37, 49, § 135.—
b.
Subst.
1.
excelsum, i, n., a height:
simulacrum Jovis in excelso collocare,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Att. 6, 1, 17:
Phoebus ab excelso, quantum patet, aspicit aequor,
Ov. H. 15, 165; so,
ab excelso,
id. F. 2, 369:
prohibebit in excelsum emicare (vitem),
Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184.—
2.
Ex-celsus, i, m., the Highest, the Most High, i. e. God (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 72, 11 al.—
B.
Trop.
1.
In gen., high, lofty, distinguished, excellent, noble:
te natura excelsum quendam videlicet et altum et humana despicientem genuit,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11; cf.:
magnus homo et excelsus,
id. Mur. 29:
animus excelsus magnificusque,
id. Off. 1, 23; cf. id. Opt. Gen. 4, 12:
excelso et illustri loco sita est laus tua,
id. Fam. 2, 5; cf.:
te in excelsissimo humani generis fastigio positum, Plin. H. N. praef. § 11: species magnae excelsaeque gloriac,
Tac. Agr. 4 fin. et saep.— Comp.:
(orator) grandior et quodammodo excelsior,
Cic. Or. 34; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 23; Plin. Pan. 94, 3:
quo tua in me humanitas fuerit excelsior quam in te mea,
Cic. Att. 3, 20 fin.—Sup.:
excelsissimae victoriae,
Vell. 2, 96 fin.:
duces,
id. 2, 114 fin.—Subst.
(α).
, m. plur.: excelsi, ōrum, the lofty; prov.:
excelsis multo facilius casus nocet,
Pub. Syr. 162 (Rib.).—
(β).
Neut.: excelsum, i, an elevated station or position:
in excelso aetatem agere,
i. e. in a high station, Sall. C. 51, 12.—Esp. (eccl. Lat.): in excelsis, in the highest, in ascriptions of praise, Vulg. Psa. 148, 1 al.—
2.
Esp., in the later period of the empire, a title of high official dignitaries, e. g. of the praefectus praetorio, etc.— Adv.: excelsē, highly, on high, loftily.
1.
Lit.:
si vitis scandit excelsius,
Col. 4, 1, 5.—
2.
Trop., in an elevated manner, highly:
ornat excelse,
Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 3:
excelsius magnificentiusque et dicet et sentiet,
Cic. Or. 34, 119:
excelsissime floruit (Sparta),
exceedingly, Vell. 1, 6, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > excelsi
11 excelsum

ex-cello, cellŭi, celsum, 3 (also acc. to the 2d conj., praes. indic. excellet, Aem. Mac. ap. Diom. p. 371 P., and subj. excelleat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 838 and 896 P.), v. a. and n. [cello].
I.
Act., to raise up, elevate; only:
recellere reclinare, et excellere in altum extollere,
Fest. p. 274, 31; and Paul. ib. 275, 11 Müll.; cf. the P. a. excelsus, below.—
II.
Neut., to rise, elevate itself (cf.: antecello, praesto, antecedo, emineo, floreo, vigeo).
A.
Lit., only in the P. a. excellens, q. v. A.—
B.
Trop.
1.
In gen., to exult, be elated: animus excellit rebus secundis, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14; 13, 24, 14.—Far more freq. (but not in Plaut. and Ter.; and in the verb. finit. not in Aug. poets),
2.
In partic., to be eminent, to distinguish one's self for any quality above others; to surpass, excel, in a good or (less freq.) in a bad sense:
ut is, qui dignitate principibus excellit facilitate infimis par esse videatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:
ut inter quos posset excellere, cum iis, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 1, 2 fin.:
inter omnes,
id. Or. 2, 6:
super ceteros,
Liv. 28, 43:
ante ceteros,
App. Flor. 16.—With dat.:
qui longe ceteris excellere pictoribus existimabatur,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:
quae una ceteris excellebat,
id. Tusc. 2, 18, 43; id. Fin. 3, 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 54, 216; id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39 al.:
ceteris,
Quint. 2, 20, 9.—With abl.:
bonā famā,
Lucr. 6, 13:
ingenio scientiāque,
Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4:
animi magnitudine,
id. Off. 1, 18 fin.:
actione,
id. Brut. 59, 215:
hoc genere virtutis,
id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:
dignitate,
Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 9:
altitudine,
Plin. 16, 6, 18, § 24:
candore,
id. 37, 6, 23, § 88 et saep.—With in and abl.:
in arte,
Cic. Rep. 1, 13:
in aliqua arte et facultate,
id. de Or. 1, 50, 217:
in alia parte orationis,
id. Brut. 59, 215:
maxime in amicitiis expetendis colendisque,
id. Lael. 9, 30; id. de Or. 2, 54, 217 et saep.— Absol.:
excellit atque eminet vis, potestas nomenque regium,
Cic. Rep. 2, 28; 2, 23; 1, 22; id. Div. 1, 19, 38; 1, 41, 91; id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.; Tac. Or. 32 (with eminere) et saep. —In a bad sense:
vitiis,
Cic. Leg. 1, 19, 51:
cum haec (flagitia), quae excellunt, me nosse videas,
id. Pis. 38 fin. —Hence,
1.
excellens, entis, P. a., rising, overtopping.
A.
Lit., high, lofty (very rare;
not in Cic.): oppida excellentibus locis constituta, Auct. B. Hisp. 8, 4: corpore excellens,
Vell. 2, 107.—Far more freq. and class.,
B.
Trop., distinguishing himself, distinguished, superior, surpassing, excellent:
deos rerum omnium praestantia excellentes,
Cic. Div. 2, 63:
Brutus noster excellens omni genere laudis,
id. Ac. 1, 3 fin.;
for which also: in omni genere,
id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; id. de Or. 2, 54, 220:
cujus excellens in re militari gloria,
id. Rep. 2, 17:
Galba fuit inter tot aequales unus excellens,
id. Brut. 97, 333:
natura excellens atque praestans,
id. N. D. 1, 20 fin.:
scientia excellens atque singularis,
id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.:
vir excellenti providentia,
id. Rep. 2, 3;
for which: excellente ingenii magnitudine,
id. Off. 1, 33 (al. excellenti and excellentis, v. Orell. ad h. l.):
studium,
Caes. B. C. 3, 34 fin.:
pulchritudo muliebris formae,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1: cygnus, * Verg. A. 12, 250 et saep.— Subst.: excellentia, ōrum, n., exceptional instances: nec excellentia, sed quotidiana tractabo, Aus. Grat. Act. § 62.— Comp.:
ova excellentiora,
Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 50:
nihil illo (sc. Alcibiade) fuisse excellentius, vel in vitiis, vel in virtutibus,
Nep. Alcib. 1.— Sup.:
excellentissima virtus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 99, 2; Sen. Vit. Beat. 14:
cultus,
Suet. Ner. 20:
triumphus,
id. Caes. 37:
aurum,
Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56 et saep.— Adv.: excellon-ter, excellently, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; Nep. Att. 1, 3.— Comp., Cic. Sest. 45.— Sup.:
excellentissime,
Aug. Civ. D. 17, 8.—
2.
ex-celsus, a, um, P. a., elevated, lofty, high (freq. and class.; cf.: celsus, editus, altus, sublimis, procerus, arduus).
A.
Lit.:
mons,
Caes. B. C. 1, 80, 2; cf.: vertex montis, * Verg. A. 5, 35:
locus,
Cic. Rep. 6, 11:
porticus,
id. Att. 4, 16, 14:
basis (statuae),
id. Verr. 2, 4, 34; cf.
signum,
id. ib.:
statura,
Suet. Caes. 45:
aves (Ibes),
Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:
altitudo vineae,
Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184 et saep.— Comp.:
in excelsiore loco,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31:
cornu (bovis),
Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 1; cf.:
crura chamaeleonis,
Plin. 8, 33, 51, § 120.— Sup.:
mons,
Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 4; cf.
locus,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 33 fin.:
rupes,
Plin. 10, 6, 7, § 19:
aegilops,
id. 16, 6, 8, § 22; 11, 37, 49, § 135.—
b.
Subst.
1.
excelsum, i, n., a height:
simulacrum Jovis in excelso collocare,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Att. 6, 1, 17:
Phoebus ab excelso, quantum patet, aspicit aequor,
Ov. H. 15, 165; so,
ab excelso,
id. F. 2, 369:
prohibebit in excelsum emicare (vitem),
Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184.—
2.
Ex-celsus, i, m., the Highest, the Most High, i. e. God (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 72, 11 al.—
B.
Trop.
1.
In gen., high, lofty, distinguished, excellent, noble:
te natura excelsum quendam videlicet et altum et humana despicientem genuit,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11; cf.:
magnus homo et excelsus,
id. Mur. 29:
animus excelsus magnificusque,
id. Off. 1, 23; cf. id. Opt. Gen. 4, 12:
excelso et illustri loco sita est laus tua,
id. Fam. 2, 5; cf.:
te in excelsissimo humani generis fastigio positum, Plin. H. N. praef. § 11: species magnae excelsaeque gloriac,
Tac. Agr. 4 fin. et saep.— Comp.:
(orator) grandior et quodammodo excelsior,
Cic. Or. 34; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 23; Plin. Pan. 94, 3:
quo tua in me humanitas fuerit excelsior quam in te mea,
Cic. Att. 3, 20 fin.—Sup.:
excelsissimae victoriae,
Vell. 2, 96 fin.:
duces,
id. 2, 114 fin.—Subst.
(α).
, m. plur.: excelsi, ōrum, the lofty; prov.:
excelsis multo facilius casus nocet,
Pub. Syr. 162 (Rib.).—
(β).
Neut.: excelsum, i, an elevated station or position:
in excelso aetatem agere,
i. e. in a high station, Sall. C. 51, 12.—Esp. (eccl. Lat.): in excelsis, in the highest, in ascriptions of praise, Vulg. Psa. 148, 1 al.—
2.
Esp., in the later period of the empire, a title of high official dignitaries, e. g. of the praefectus praetorio, etc.— Adv.: excelsē, highly, on high, loftily.
1.
Lit.:
si vitis scandit excelsius,
Col. 4, 1, 5.—
2.
Trop., in an elevated manner, highly:
ornat excelse,
Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 3:
excelsius magnificentiusque et dicet et sentiet,
Cic. Or. 34, 119:
excelsissime floruit (Sparta),
exceedingly, Vell. 1, 6, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > excelsum
12 Excelsus

ex-cello, cellŭi, celsum, 3 (also acc. to the 2d conj., praes. indic. excellet, Aem. Mac. ap. Diom. p. 371 P., and subj. excelleat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 838 and 896 P.), v. a. and n. [cello].
I.
Act., to raise up, elevate; only:
recellere reclinare, et excellere in altum extollere,
Fest. p. 274, 31; and Paul. ib. 275, 11 Müll.; cf. the P. a. excelsus, below.—
II.
Neut., to rise, elevate itself (cf.: antecello, praesto, antecedo, emineo, floreo, vigeo).
A.
Lit., only in the P. a. excellens, q. v. A.—
B.
Trop.
1.
In gen., to exult, be elated: animus excellit rebus secundis, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14; 13, 24, 14.—Far more freq. (but not in Plaut. and Ter.; and in the verb. finit. not in Aug. poets),
2.
In partic., to be eminent, to distinguish one's self for any quality above others; to surpass, excel, in a good or (less freq.) in a bad sense:
ut is, qui dignitate principibus excellit facilitate infimis par esse videatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:
ut inter quos posset excellere, cum iis, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 1, 2 fin.:
inter omnes,
id. Or. 2, 6:
super ceteros,
Liv. 28, 43:
ante ceteros,
App. Flor. 16.—With dat.:
qui longe ceteris excellere pictoribus existimabatur,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:
quae una ceteris excellebat,
id. Tusc. 2, 18, 43; id. Fin. 3, 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 54, 216; id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39 al.:
ceteris,
Quint. 2, 20, 9.—With abl.:
bonā famā,
Lucr. 6, 13:
ingenio scientiāque,
Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4:
animi magnitudine,
id. Off. 1, 18 fin.:
actione,
id. Brut. 59, 215:
hoc genere virtutis,
id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:
dignitate,
Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 9:
altitudine,
Plin. 16, 6, 18, § 24:
candore,
id. 37, 6, 23, § 88 et saep.—With in and abl.:
in arte,
Cic. Rep. 1, 13:
in aliqua arte et facultate,
id. de Or. 1, 50, 217:
in alia parte orationis,
id. Brut. 59, 215:
maxime in amicitiis expetendis colendisque,
id. Lael. 9, 30; id. de Or. 2, 54, 217 et saep.— Absol.:
excellit atque eminet vis, potestas nomenque regium,
Cic. Rep. 2, 28; 2, 23; 1, 22; id. Div. 1, 19, 38; 1, 41, 91; id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.; Tac. Or. 32 (with eminere) et saep. —In a bad sense:
vitiis,
Cic. Leg. 1, 19, 51:
cum haec (flagitia), quae excellunt, me nosse videas,
id. Pis. 38 fin. —Hence,
1.
excellens, entis, P. a., rising, overtopping.
A.
Lit., high, lofty (very rare;
not in Cic.): oppida excellentibus locis constituta, Auct. B. Hisp. 8, 4: corpore excellens,
Vell. 2, 107.—Far more freq. and class.,
B.
Trop., distinguishing himself, distinguished, superior, surpassing, excellent:
deos rerum omnium praestantia excellentes,
Cic. Div. 2, 63:
Brutus noster excellens omni genere laudis,
id. Ac. 1, 3 fin.;
for which also: in omni genere,
id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; id. de Or. 2, 54, 220:
cujus excellens in re militari gloria,
id. Rep. 2, 17:
Galba fuit inter tot aequales unus excellens,
id. Brut. 97, 333:
natura excellens atque praestans,
id. N. D. 1, 20 fin.:
scientia excellens atque singularis,
id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.:
vir excellenti providentia,
id. Rep. 2, 3;
for which: excellente ingenii magnitudine,
id. Off. 1, 33 (al. excellenti and excellentis, v. Orell. ad h. l.):
studium,
Caes. B. C. 3, 34 fin.:
pulchritudo muliebris formae,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1: cygnus, * Verg. A. 12, 250 et saep.— Subst.: excellentia, ōrum, n., exceptional instances: nec excellentia, sed quotidiana tractabo, Aus. Grat. Act. § 62.— Comp.:
ova excellentiora,
Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 50:
nihil illo (sc. Alcibiade) fuisse excellentius, vel in vitiis, vel in virtutibus,
Nep. Alcib. 1.— Sup.:
excellentissima virtus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 99, 2; Sen. Vit. Beat. 14:
cultus,
Suet. Ner. 20:
triumphus,
id. Caes. 37:
aurum,
Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56 et saep.— Adv.: excellon-ter, excellently, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; Nep. Att. 1, 3.— Comp., Cic. Sest. 45.— Sup.:
excellentissime,
Aug. Civ. D. 17, 8.—
2.
ex-celsus, a, um, P. a., elevated, lofty, high (freq. and class.; cf.: celsus, editus, altus, sublimis, procerus, arduus).
A.
Lit.:
mons,
Caes. B. C. 1, 80, 2; cf.: vertex montis, * Verg. A. 5, 35:
locus,
Cic. Rep. 6, 11:
porticus,
id. Att. 4, 16, 14:
basis (statuae),
id. Verr. 2, 4, 34; cf.
signum,
id. ib.:
statura,
Suet. Caes. 45:
aves (Ibes),
Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:
altitudo vineae,
Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184 et saep.— Comp.:
in excelsiore loco,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31:
cornu (bovis),
Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 1; cf.:
crura chamaeleonis,
Plin. 8, 33, 51, § 120.— Sup.:
mons,
Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 4; cf.
locus,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 33 fin.:
rupes,
Plin. 10, 6, 7, § 19:
aegilops,
id. 16, 6, 8, § 22; 11, 37, 49, § 135.—
b.
Subst.
1.
excelsum, i, n., a height:
simulacrum Jovis in excelso collocare,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Att. 6, 1, 17:
Phoebus ab excelso, quantum patet, aspicit aequor,
Ov. H. 15, 165; so,
ab excelso,
id. F. 2, 369:
prohibebit in excelsum emicare (vitem),
Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184.—
2.
Ex-celsus, i, m., the Highest, the Most High, i. e. God (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 72, 11 al.—
B.
Trop.
1.
In gen., high, lofty, distinguished, excellent, noble:
te natura excelsum quendam videlicet et altum et humana despicientem genuit,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11; cf.:
magnus homo et excelsus,
id. Mur. 29:
animus excelsus magnificusque,
id. Off. 1, 23; cf. id. Opt. Gen. 4, 12:
excelso et illustri loco sita est laus tua,
id. Fam. 2, 5; cf.:
te in excelsissimo humani generis fastigio positum, Plin. H. N. praef. § 11: species magnae excelsaeque gloriac,
Tac. Agr. 4 fin. et saep.— Comp.:
(orator) grandior et quodammodo excelsior,
Cic. Or. 34; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 23; Plin. Pan. 94, 3:
quo tua in me humanitas fuerit excelsior quam in te mea,
Cic. Att. 3, 20 fin.—Sup.:
excelsissimae victoriae,
Vell. 2, 96 fin.:
duces,
id. 2, 114 fin.—Subst.
(α).
, m. plur.: excelsi, ōrum, the lofty; prov.:
excelsis multo facilius casus nocet,
Pub. Syr. 162 (Rib.).—
(β).
Neut.: excelsum, i, an elevated station or position:
in excelso aetatem agere,
i. e. in a high station, Sall. C. 51, 12.—Esp. (eccl. Lat.): in excelsis, in the highest, in ascriptions of praise, Vulg. Psa. 148, 1 al.—
2.
Esp., in the later period of the empire, a title of high official dignitaries, e. g. of the praefectus praetorio, etc.— Adv.: excelsē, highly, on high, loftily.
1.
Lit.:
si vitis scandit excelsius,
Col. 4, 1, 5.—
2.
Trop., in an elevated manner, highly:
ornat excelse,
Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 3:
excelsius magnificentiusque et dicet et sentiet,
Cic. Or. 34, 119:
excelsissime floruit (Sparta),
exceedingly, Vell. 1, 6, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Excelsus
13 bonus

bonus adj. [old duonus], good; as comp. in use melior, ōris cf. μᾶλλον, better; as sup. optimus 2 AP-, OP-, best: vir bonus, morally good, perfect; rarely bonus vir: in virorum bonorum numero haberi, honest: quem voles virum bonum nominato, producam, respectable: bone accusator, honorable: socer eius vir multum bonus est: vir optimus, most worthy: optimus olim Vergilius, H.: iudex, just: imperator, skilful, S.: consul, L.: opifex, H.: pater familias, thrifty, N.: servus, faithful: vir, a good husband, L.: custos, T.: civis, a good citizen.—Of the gods: fata bonique divi, H.: pater optime (Iuppiter), O.: in templo Iovis Optimi Maximi: O di boni, gracious gods: o mihi, Manes, este boni, propitious, V.— Of things, good, of good quality, well-made, useful: scyphi optimi, most artistic: agrum Meliorem nemo habet, more fertile, T.: nummi, current: voltūs, good looks, O.: navigatio, prosperous: tempestas, fine weather: ova suci melioris, fine flavor, H.: aetas, the prime of life: melior sensus, keener: mentem vobis meliorem dari, more sense, T.: bonam deperdere famam, good name, H.: otium, valuable, S.: optimae fabulae: esse meliore condicione, better off: esse spe bonā: meliora responsa, more favorable, L.: amnis Doctus iter melius, less injurious, H.: meliore Tempore dicam, more opportune, H.: librorum Copia, ample, H.: meliorem militem id certamen fecit, L.: vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse, S.: bona bello Cornus, useful, V.: pecori bonus alendo (mons) erat, L.: eloqui copiose melius est quam, etc.: optimum visum est captivos deportare, L.: constituerunt optimum esse domum reverti, Cs.: optumum factu credens exercitum augere, S.: hoc vero optimum, ut is nesciat, etc. — In particular phrases, with venia: bonā veniā, with (your) kind permission, by (your) leave: abs te hoc bonā veniā expeto, T.: oravit bonā veniā Quirites, ne, etc., L.—With pax: cum bonā pace, or bonā pace, without dispute: alteri populo cum bonā pace imperitare, by common consent, L.: omnia bonā pace obtinere, L.— With res: bonae res, comforts, luxury, prosperity: bonis rebus morte privari: omnibus optimis rebus usus est, N.: bonis Rebus agit laetum convivum, in luxury, H.: de bonis rebus in vitā, de malis, of moral good and evil. — With ars: bonae artes, honorable conduct, S.: artis bonae famam quaerere, an honorable achievement, S.: bonarum artium studia, liberal studies: optimarum artium studia, the highest cnlture.—With fides: bona fides or fides bona, good faith, sincerity, fairness: polliceor hoc vobis bonā fide: ego defendi fide optimā, in perfect sincerity: ad fidem bonam pertinere, notum esse, etc., equity: quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bonā (in a judicial decree).—With pars: melior pars, the better party, party in the right: maior pars (senatūs) meliorem vicit, L.: gratia melioris partis, the optimates, L.: (fuit) meliorum partium, of the aristocracy: bona pars, a large part, good share: bonam magnamque partem ad te attulit, T.: sermonis: hominum, H.: melior pars acta diei, most, V.: in optimam partem accipere, most kindly: in optimam partem cognosci, most favorably. — With mores: boni mores, morality, an upright life: propter eius suavissimos et optimos mores: ex optimo more.—With animus, good spirits: bono animo es, cheer up, T.: hoc animo meliore ferre, more cheerfully, O.: bonum animum habere, L.: bono animo dicere, kindly: bono animo in populum R. videri, friendly, Cs. — With ius: iure optimo, with entire justice, deservedly: quod ei optimo iure contigit. — As subst., of persons, a good man: nec cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest: Qui meliorem vocet in ius, a better man, H.: da locum melioribus, your betters, T.: apud bonos beneficium conlocare: Fortes creantur fortibus et bonis, H.— Plur, the better classes, aristocracy, rich: meam causam omnes boni susceperant: bonis invidere, S.: comitantibus omnibus bonis, N.: bonorum consuetudo, of gentlemen: boni, my good friends, H.: me consulit, ‘O bone,’ good friend, H.: ‘O bone, ne te Frustreris,’ my good fellow, H.: optimus quisque, every good man, all the good: sua consilia optimo cuique probare: dolor quem optimus quisque suscipit: optimo cuique pereundum erat, all eminent citizens: optimo et nobilissimo cuique oratio gratissima, the patricians: imperium semper ad optumum quemque transfertur, the best man in each case, S.: qui (aditus laudis) semper optimo cuique maxime patuit.—Of things: bonum, a good thing: summum bonum, the chief good, end of being: nihil boni nosti, nothing useful: gaude isto tam excellenti bono: maximum bonum in celeritate ponere, advantage, S.: gratiam bono publico quaerere, by a public service, L. — Prov.: cui bono? for whose advantage?—Plur.: tria genera bonorum, maxima animi: bona tolerare, prosperity, T.: bona mea deripere, my property.—With aequum, fairness, equity: neque bonum atque aequom scire, T.: alqd aequi bonique impetrare: istuc Aequi bonique facio, regard as fair, T.
* * *
I
bona -um, melior -or -us, optimus -a -um ADJ

good, honest, brave, noble, kind, pleasant, right, useful; valid; healthy
II
boni N M

good/moral/honest/brave man; man of honor, gentleman; better/rich people (pl.)

Latin-English dictionary > bonus
14 caelestia

caelestis ( coel-), e ( gen. sing. CAELESTAE, Inscr. Neapol. 2602; abl. sing. regularly, caelesti:
caeleste,
Ov. H. 16, 277; id. M. 15, 743; cf.: bimestris, cognominis, perennis, patruelis, etc.; gen. plur. caelestum, but caelestium, Enn. Epigr. v. 9 Vahl.; Att. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 68, or id. Trag. Rel. v. 209 Rib.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 53 Müll.; Lucr. 6, 1274; Cat. 64, 191; 64, 205; Verg. A. 7, 432; Ov. M. 1, 150), adj. [caelum], pertaining to heaven or to the heavens, found in heaven, coming from heaven, etc., heavenly, celestial (class. and very freq.):
ignis fulminis,
Lucr. 2, 384; cf.:
turbine correptus et igni,
id. 6, 395:
flammae,
id. 5, 1093:
urbes igne caelesti flagrasse,
Tac. H. 5, 7:
arcus,
the rainbow, Plin. 11, 14, 14, § 37; Suet. Aug. 95:
nubes,
Ov. A. A. 2, 237:
aqua,
rain, Hor. C. 3, 10, 20; cf.
aquae,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 135; Liv. 4, 30, 7; Col. 3, 12, 2; 7, 4, 8; Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14; Dig. 39, 3, 1:
imbres,
Col. 3, 13, 7:
templa,
Lucr. 5, 1203; 6, 388; 6, 671:
solum,
Ov. M. 1, 73:
plagae,
id. ib. 12, 40 al.:
astra,
id. ib. 15, 846:
aërii mellis dona,
Verg. G. 4, 1:
prodigia,
Liv. 1, 34, 9; cf.
minae,
Tac. H. 1, 18: caelestia auguria vocant cum fulminat aut tonat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64, 8 Müll.:
fragor,
Quint. 12, 10, 4:
orbes, quorum unus est caelestis,
Cic. Rep 6, 17, 17.— Subst.: caelestĭa, ĭum, n., the heavenly bodies:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra, ut exigua et minima, contemnimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 127; Tac. H. 5, 4; id. A. 4, 58.—
II.
Meton.
A.
Divine; and subst., the deity (most freq. like caeles in plur.), the gods.
1.
Adj., numen, Cat. 66, 7; Tib. 3, 4, 53; Ov. M. 1, 367:
animi,
Verg. A. 1, 11: aula, Ov F 1, 139: irae. Liv. 2, 36, 6:
ira,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 441:
origo,
Verg. A. 6, 730:
ortus,
Quint. 3, 7, 5:
stirps,
Ov. M. 1, 760; cf.
species,
id. ib. 15, 743:
nectar,
id. ib. 4, 252; cf.
pabula,
id. ib. 4, 217:
sapientia,
Hor. Ep 1, 3, 27:
auxilium,
of the gods, Ov. M. 15, 630:
dona,
id. ib. 13, 289 al.:
cognitio caelestium et mortalium,
Quint. 1, 10, 5; cf. id. 10, 1, 86.—

* Comp neutr.:
nihil est caelesti caelestius,
Sen. Ep. 66, 11 —
2.
Subst.: caelestis, is, m., a deity: quicumque dedit formam caelestis avarae, Tib 2, 4, 35.—Mostly plur., the gods:
divos et eos qui caelestes semper habiti colunto,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:
caelestum templa,
Lucr. 6, 1273:
in concilio caelestium,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 25; so id. Phil. 4, 4, 10; Liv. 1, 16, 7; 9, 1, 3; Tac. G. 9; id. H. 4, 84; Cat. 64, 191; 64, 205; 68, 76; Tib. 1, 9, 5; Verg. A. 1, 387; 7, 432; Ov. M. 1, 150; 4, 594; 6, 72, 6, 171.—
3.
Caelestis, is, f., a female divinity in Carthage, Tert. Apol. 24, Capitol. Pert. 4, 2; Macrin. 3, 1; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 29, 1.—
4.
caelestĭa, ĭum, n., heavenly objects, divine things:
haec caelelestia semper spectato, illa humana con-t emnito,
Cic. Rep. 6, 19, 20:
sapientem non modo cognitione caelestium vel mortalium putant instruendum,
Quint. 1, 10, 5; Tac. H. 5, 5.—
B.
As in most languages, an epithet of any thing splendid or excellent, celestial, divine, god-like, magnificent, preeminent, etc. (so most freq. since the Aug. per., esp. as a complimentary term applied to eminent persons and their qualities;
in Cic. only once): caelestes divinaeque legiones,
Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 28:
quem prope caelestem fecerint,
Liv. 6, 17, 5:
ingenium,
Ov. A. A. 1, 185:
mens,
id. F. 1, 534:
in dicendo vir (sc. Cicero),
Quint. 10, 2, 18; cf.:
caelestissimum os (Ciceronis),
Vell. 2, 66, 3:
ju dicia,
Quint. 4, prooem. §
2 Spald.: praecepta,
Vell. 2, 94, 2:
anima,
id. 2, 123:
animus,
id. 2, 60, 2:
caelestissimorum ejus operum,
id. 2, 104, 3: quos Elea domum reducit Palma caelestes, glorified, like the gods, Hor C. 4, 2, 18.— Adv. not in use.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caelestia
15 Caelestis

caelestis ( coel-), e ( gen. sing. CAELESTAE, Inscr. Neapol. 2602; abl. sing. regularly, caelesti:
caeleste,
Ov. H. 16, 277; id. M. 15, 743; cf.: bimestris, cognominis, perennis, patruelis, etc.; gen. plur. caelestum, but caelestium, Enn. Epigr. v. 9 Vahl.; Att. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 68, or id. Trag. Rel. v. 209 Rib.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 53 Müll.; Lucr. 6, 1274; Cat. 64, 191; 64, 205; Verg. A. 7, 432; Ov. M. 1, 150), adj. [caelum], pertaining to heaven or to the heavens, found in heaven, coming from heaven, etc., heavenly, celestial (class. and very freq.):
ignis fulminis,
Lucr. 2, 384; cf.:
turbine correptus et igni,
id. 6, 395:
flammae,
id. 5, 1093:
urbes igne caelesti flagrasse,
Tac. H. 5, 7:
arcus,
the rainbow, Plin. 11, 14, 14, § 37; Suet. Aug. 95:
nubes,
Ov. A. A. 2, 237:
aqua,
rain, Hor. C. 3, 10, 20; cf.
aquae,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 135; Liv. 4, 30, 7; Col. 3, 12, 2; 7, 4, 8; Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14; Dig. 39, 3, 1:
imbres,
Col. 3, 13, 7:
templa,
Lucr. 5, 1203; 6, 388; 6, 671:
solum,
Ov. M. 1, 73:
plagae,
id. ib. 12, 40 al.:
astra,
id. ib. 15, 846:
aërii mellis dona,
Verg. G. 4, 1:
prodigia,
Liv. 1, 34, 9; cf.
minae,
Tac. H. 1, 18: caelestia auguria vocant cum fulminat aut tonat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64, 8 Müll.:
fragor,
Quint. 12, 10, 4:
orbes, quorum unus est caelestis,
Cic. Rep 6, 17, 17.— Subst.: caelestĭa, ĭum, n., the heavenly bodies:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra, ut exigua et minima, contemnimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 127; Tac. H. 5, 4; id. A. 4, 58.—
II.
Meton.
A.
Divine; and subst., the deity (most freq. like caeles in plur.), the gods.
1.
Adj., numen, Cat. 66, 7; Tib. 3, 4, 53; Ov. M. 1, 367:
animi,
Verg. A. 1, 11: aula, Ov F 1, 139: irae. Liv. 2, 36, 6:
ira,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 441:
origo,
Verg. A. 6, 730:
ortus,
Quint. 3, 7, 5:
stirps,
Ov. M. 1, 760; cf.
species,
id. ib. 15, 743:
nectar,
id. ib. 4, 252; cf.
pabula,
id. ib. 4, 217:
sapientia,
Hor. Ep 1, 3, 27:
auxilium,
of the gods, Ov. M. 15, 630:
dona,
id. ib. 13, 289 al.:
cognitio caelestium et mortalium,
Quint. 1, 10, 5; cf. id. 10, 1, 86.—

* Comp neutr.:
nihil est caelesti caelestius,
Sen. Ep. 66, 11 —
2.
Subst.: caelestis, is, m., a deity: quicumque dedit formam caelestis avarae, Tib 2, 4, 35.—Mostly plur., the gods:
divos et eos qui caelestes semper habiti colunto,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:
caelestum templa,
Lucr. 6, 1273:
in concilio caelestium,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 25; so id. Phil. 4, 4, 10; Liv. 1, 16, 7; 9, 1, 3; Tac. G. 9; id. H. 4, 84; Cat. 64, 191; 64, 205; 68, 76; Tib. 1, 9, 5; Verg. A. 1, 387; 7, 432; Ov. M. 1, 150; 4, 594; 6, 72, 6, 171.—
3.
Caelestis, is, f., a female divinity in Carthage, Tert. Apol. 24, Capitol. Pert. 4, 2; Macrin. 3, 1; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 29, 1.—
4.
caelestĭa, ĭum, n., heavenly objects, divine things:
haec caelelestia semper spectato, illa humana con-t emnito,
Cic. Rep. 6, 19, 20:
sapientem non modo cognitione caelestium vel mortalium putant instruendum,
Quint. 1, 10, 5; Tac. H. 5, 5.—
B.
As in most languages, an epithet of any thing splendid or excellent, celestial, divine, god-like, magnificent, preeminent, etc. (so most freq. since the Aug. per., esp. as a complimentary term applied to eminent persons and their qualities;
in Cic. only once): caelestes divinaeque legiones,
Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 28:
quem prope caelestem fecerint,
Liv. 6, 17, 5:
ingenium,
Ov. A. A. 1, 185:
mens,
id. F. 1, 534:
in dicendo vir (sc. Cicero),
Quint. 10, 2, 18; cf.:
caelestissimum os (Ciceronis),
Vell. 2, 66, 3:
ju dicia,
Quint. 4, prooem. §
2 Spald.: praecepta,
Vell. 2, 94, 2:
anima,
id. 2, 123:
animus,
id. 2, 60, 2:
caelestissimorum ejus operum,
id. 2, 104, 3: quos Elea domum reducit Palma caelestes, glorified, like the gods, Hor C. 4, 2, 18.— Adv. not in use.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Caelestis
16 caelestis

caelestis ( coel-), e ( gen. sing. CAELESTAE, Inscr. Neapol. 2602; abl. sing. regularly, caelesti:
caeleste,
Ov. H. 16, 277; id. M. 15, 743; cf.: bimestris, cognominis, perennis, patruelis, etc.; gen. plur. caelestum, but caelestium, Enn. Epigr. v. 9 Vahl.; Att. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 68, or id. Trag. Rel. v. 209 Rib.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 53 Müll.; Lucr. 6, 1274; Cat. 64, 191; 64, 205; Verg. A. 7, 432; Ov. M. 1, 150), adj. [caelum], pertaining to heaven or to the heavens, found in heaven, coming from heaven, etc., heavenly, celestial (class. and very freq.):
ignis fulminis,
Lucr. 2, 384; cf.:
turbine correptus et igni,
id. 6, 395:
flammae,
id. 5, 1093:
urbes igne caelesti flagrasse,
Tac. H. 5, 7:
arcus,
the rainbow, Plin. 11, 14, 14, § 37; Suet. Aug. 95:
nubes,
Ov. A. A. 2, 237:
aqua,
rain, Hor. C. 3, 10, 20; cf.
aquae,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 135; Liv. 4, 30, 7; Col. 3, 12, 2; 7, 4, 8; Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14; Dig. 39, 3, 1:
imbres,
Col. 3, 13, 7:
templa,
Lucr. 5, 1203; 6, 388; 6, 671:
solum,
Ov. M. 1, 73:
plagae,
id. ib. 12, 40 al.:
astra,
id. ib. 15, 846:
aërii mellis dona,
Verg. G. 4, 1:
prodigia,
Liv. 1, 34, 9; cf.
minae,
Tac. H. 1, 18: caelestia auguria vocant cum fulminat aut tonat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64, 8 Müll.:
fragor,
Quint. 12, 10, 4:
orbes, quorum unus est caelestis,
Cic. Rep 6, 17, 17.— Subst.: caelestĭa, ĭum, n., the heavenly bodies:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra, ut exigua et minima, contemnimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 127; Tac. H. 5, 4; id. A. 4, 58.—
II.
Meton.
A.
Divine; and subst., the deity (most freq. like caeles in plur.), the gods.
1.
Adj., numen, Cat. 66, 7; Tib. 3, 4, 53; Ov. M. 1, 367:
animi,
Verg. A. 1, 11: aula, Ov F 1, 139: irae. Liv. 2, 36, 6:
ira,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 441:
origo,
Verg. A. 6, 730:
ortus,
Quint. 3, 7, 5:
stirps,
Ov. M. 1, 760; cf.
species,
id. ib. 15, 743:
nectar,
id. ib. 4, 252; cf.
pabula,
id. ib. 4, 217:
sapientia,
Hor. Ep 1, 3, 27:
auxilium,
of the gods, Ov. M. 15, 630:
dona,
id. ib. 13, 289 al.:
cognitio caelestium et mortalium,
Quint. 1, 10, 5; cf. id. 10, 1, 86.—

* Comp neutr.:
nihil est caelesti caelestius,
Sen. Ep. 66, 11 —
2.
Subst.: caelestis, is, m., a deity: quicumque dedit formam caelestis avarae, Tib 2, 4, 35.—Mostly plur., the gods:
divos et eos qui caelestes semper habiti colunto,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:
caelestum templa,
Lucr. 6, 1273:
in concilio caelestium,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 25; so id. Phil. 4, 4, 10; Liv. 1, 16, 7; 9, 1, 3; Tac. G. 9; id. H. 4, 84; Cat. 64, 191; 64, 205; 68, 76; Tib. 1, 9, 5; Verg. A. 1, 387; 7, 432; Ov. M. 1, 150; 4, 594; 6, 72, 6, 171.—
3.
Caelestis, is, f., a female divinity in Carthage, Tert. Apol. 24, Capitol. Pert. 4, 2; Macrin. 3, 1; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 29, 1.—
4.
caelestĭa, ĭum, n., heavenly objects, divine things:
haec caelelestia semper spectato, illa humana con-t emnito,
Cic. Rep. 6, 19, 20:
sapientem non modo cognitione caelestium vel mortalium putant instruendum,
Quint. 1, 10, 5; Tac. H. 5, 5.—
B.
As in most languages, an epithet of any thing splendid or excellent, celestial, divine, god-like, magnificent, preeminent, etc. (so most freq. since the Aug. per., esp. as a complimentary term applied to eminent persons and their qualities;
in Cic. only once): caelestes divinaeque legiones,
Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 28:
quem prope caelestem fecerint,
Liv. 6, 17, 5:
ingenium,
Ov. A. A. 1, 185:
mens,
id. F. 1, 534:
in dicendo vir (sc. Cicero),
Quint. 10, 2, 18; cf.:
caelestissimum os (Ciceronis),
Vell. 2, 66, 3:
ju dicia,
Quint. 4, prooem. §
2 Spald.: praecepta,
Vell. 2, 94, 2:
anima,
id. 2, 123:
animus,
id. 2, 60, 2:
caelestissimorum ejus operum,
id. 2, 104, 3: quos Elea domum reducit Palma caelestes, glorified, like the gods, Hor C. 4, 2, 18.— Adv. not in use.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caelestis
17 coelestis

caelestis ( coel-), e ( gen. sing. CAELESTAE, Inscr. Neapol. 2602; abl. sing. regularly, caelesti:
caeleste,
Ov. H. 16, 277; id. M. 15, 743; cf.: bimestris, cognominis, perennis, patruelis, etc.; gen. plur. caelestum, but caelestium, Enn. Epigr. v. 9 Vahl.; Att. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 68, or id. Trag. Rel. v. 209 Rib.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 53 Müll.; Lucr. 6, 1274; Cat. 64, 191; 64, 205; Verg. A. 7, 432; Ov. M. 1, 150), adj. [caelum], pertaining to heaven or to the heavens, found in heaven, coming from heaven, etc., heavenly, celestial (class. and very freq.):
ignis fulminis,
Lucr. 2, 384; cf.:
turbine correptus et igni,
id. 6, 395:
flammae,
id. 5, 1093:
urbes igne caelesti flagrasse,
Tac. H. 5, 7:
arcus,
the rainbow, Plin. 11, 14, 14, § 37; Suet. Aug. 95:
nubes,
Ov. A. A. 2, 237:
aqua,
rain, Hor. C. 3, 10, 20; cf.
aquae,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 135; Liv. 4, 30, 7; Col. 3, 12, 2; 7, 4, 8; Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14; Dig. 39, 3, 1:
imbres,
Col. 3, 13, 7:
templa,
Lucr. 5, 1203; 6, 388; 6, 671:
solum,
Ov. M. 1, 73:
plagae,
id. ib. 12, 40 al.:
astra,
id. ib. 15, 846:
aërii mellis dona,
Verg. G. 4, 1:
prodigia,
Liv. 1, 34, 9; cf.
minae,
Tac. H. 1, 18: caelestia auguria vocant cum fulminat aut tonat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64, 8 Müll.:
fragor,
Quint. 12, 10, 4:
orbes, quorum unus est caelestis,
Cic. Rep 6, 17, 17.— Subst.: caelestĭa, ĭum, n., the heavenly bodies:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra, ut exigua et minima, contemnimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 127; Tac. H. 5, 4; id. A. 4, 58.—
II.
Meton.
A.
Divine; and subst., the deity (most freq. like caeles in plur.), the gods.
1.
Adj., numen, Cat. 66, 7; Tib. 3, 4, 53; Ov. M. 1, 367:
animi,
Verg. A. 1, 11: aula, Ov F 1, 139: irae. Liv. 2, 36, 6:
ira,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 441:
origo,
Verg. A. 6, 730:
ortus,
Quint. 3, 7, 5:
stirps,
Ov. M. 1, 760; cf.
species,
id. ib. 15, 743:
nectar,
id. ib. 4, 252; cf.
pabula,
id. ib. 4, 217:
sapientia,
Hor. Ep 1, 3, 27:
auxilium,
of the gods, Ov. M. 15, 630:
dona,
id. ib. 13, 289 al.:
cognitio caelestium et mortalium,
Quint. 1, 10, 5; cf. id. 10, 1, 86.—

* Comp neutr.:
nihil est caelesti caelestius,
Sen. Ep. 66, 11 —
2.
Subst.: caelestis, is, m., a deity: quicumque dedit formam caelestis avarae, Tib 2, 4, 35.—Mostly plur., the gods:
divos et eos qui caelestes semper habiti colunto,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:
caelestum templa,
Lucr. 6, 1273:
in concilio caelestium,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 25; so id. Phil. 4, 4, 10; Liv. 1, 16, 7; 9, 1, 3; Tac. G. 9; id. H. 4, 84; Cat. 64, 191; 64, 205; 68, 76; Tib. 1, 9, 5; Verg. A. 1, 387; 7, 432; Ov. M. 1, 150; 4, 594; 6, 72, 6, 171.—
3.
Caelestis, is, f., a female divinity in Carthage, Tert. Apol. 24, Capitol. Pert. 4, 2; Macrin. 3, 1; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 29, 1.—
4.
caelestĭa, ĭum, n., heavenly objects, divine things:
haec caelelestia semper spectato, illa humana con-t emnito,
Cic. Rep. 6, 19, 20:
sapientem non modo cognitione caelestium vel mortalium putant instruendum,
Quint. 1, 10, 5; Tac. H. 5, 5.—
B.
As in most languages, an epithet of any thing splendid or excellent, celestial, divine, god-like, magnificent, preeminent, etc. (so most freq. since the Aug. per., esp. as a complimentary term applied to eminent persons and their qualities;
in Cic. only once): caelestes divinaeque legiones,
Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 28:
quem prope caelestem fecerint,
Liv. 6, 17, 5:
ingenium,
Ov. A. A. 1, 185:
mens,
id. F. 1, 534:
in dicendo vir (sc. Cicero),
Quint. 10, 2, 18; cf.:
caelestissimum os (Ciceronis),
Vell. 2, 66, 3:
ju dicia,
Quint. 4, prooem. §
2 Spald.: praecepta,
Vell. 2, 94, 2:
anima,
id. 2, 123:
animus,
id. 2, 60, 2:
caelestissimorum ejus operum,
id. 2, 104, 3: quos Elea domum reducit Palma caelestes, glorified, like the gods, Hor C. 4, 2, 18.— Adv. not in use.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > coelestis
18 capud

căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:
capiti,
Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].
I.
The head, of men and animals:
oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,
Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:
tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,
cano capite,
id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:
capitis nives,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:
raso capite calvus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:
irraso,
id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:
intonsum,
Quint. 12, 10, 47:
amputare alicui,
Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:
capite operto,
Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:
obvoluto,
id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:
caput aperire,
id. ib.:
abscindere cervicibus,
id. ib. 11, 2, 5:
demittere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:
extollere,
to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—
b.
Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:
ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,
over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:
nec caput nec pedes,
neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—
c.
Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—
d.
Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:
aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,
run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—
e.
Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—
2.
Transf., of inanimate things.
a.
In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):
ulpici,
Cato, R. R. 71:
allii,
Col. 6, 34, 1:
porri,
id. 11, 3, 17:
papaveris,
Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:
bulborum,
Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:
caulis,
id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:
jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),
Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:
extorum,
Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:
tignorum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 9:
columnae,
Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:
molis,
the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:
xysti,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:
porticus,
id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—
b.
Esp., of rivers,
(α).
The origin, source, spring ( head):
caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,
Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:
fontium,
Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—
(β).
(more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—
c.
Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:
vitis,
id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—
d.
Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —
e.
Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—
f.
Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;
hence, facere,
to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—
II.
Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;
v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:
hoc conruptum'st caput,
id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:
siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:
ridiculum caput!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:
festivum,
id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:
lepidum,
id. ib. 5, 9, 9:
carum,
Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:
liberum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:
vilia,
Liv. 25, 6, 9:
viliora,
id. 9, 26, 22:
vilissima,
id. 24, 5, 13:
ignota,
id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:
liberorum servorumque,
id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:
istic capiti dicito,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:
vae capiti tuo,
id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:
capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,
souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:
quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:
in singulos,
id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:
exactio capitum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,
capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,
Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—
III.
Trop.
1.
Life, and specif.,
a.
Physical life:
carum,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:
si capitis res siet,
if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:
capitis poena,
capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:
pactum pro capite pretium,
Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:
cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,
id. ib. 1, 12, 38:
cum dimicatione capitis,
id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:
suo capite decernere,
id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:
caput offerre pro patriā,
Cic. Sull. 30, 84:
patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,
Ov. M. 8, 94; so,
capitis accusare,
to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:
absolvere,
id. Milt. 7, 6:
damnare,
id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:
tergo ac capite puniri,
Liv. 3, 55, 14:
caput Jovi sacrum,
id. 3, 55, 7:
sacratum,
id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—
b.
Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;
cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,
Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:
capitis minor,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:
servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,
Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—
2.
The first or chief person or thing, the head, leader, chief, guide (very freq.).
(α).
With gen.:
scelerum,
an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:
perjuri,
id. ib. 4, 4, 55:
concitandorum Graecorum,
Cic. Fl. 18, 42:
consilil,
Liv. 8, 31, 7:
conjurationis,
id. 9, 26, 7:
caput rei Romanae Camillus,
id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:
caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,
id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:
reipublicae,
Tac. A. 1, 13:
nominis Latini,
heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:
belli,
id. 45, 7, 3:
Suevorum,
chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:
capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,
Liv. 10, 1, 3.—
(β).
With esse and dat.:
ego caput fui argento reperiundo,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:
illic est huic rei caput,
author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—
(γ).
Absol.:
urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:
corpori valido caput deerat,
guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:
esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,
id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;
thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,
head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:
pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,
Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:
Romam caput Latio esse,
id. 8, 4, 5; and:
brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,
id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:
castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,
the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:
jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,
the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:
patrimonii publici,
id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:
caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,
id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;
ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,
id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:
litterarum,
summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:
caput Epicuri,
the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:
a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,
Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:
id quod caput est,
Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;
opp. usurae),
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > capud
19 caput

căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:
capiti,
Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].
I.
The head, of men and animals:
oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,
Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:
tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,
cano capite,
id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:
capitis nives,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:
raso capite calvus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:
irraso,
id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:
intonsum,
Quint. 12, 10, 47:
amputare alicui,
Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:
capite operto,
Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:
obvoluto,
id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:
caput aperire,
id. ib.:
abscindere cervicibus,
id. ib. 11, 2, 5:
demittere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:
extollere,
to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—
b.
Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:
ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,
over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:
nec caput nec pedes,
neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—
c.
Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—
d.
Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:
aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,
run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—
e.
Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—
2.
Transf., of inanimate things.
a.
In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):
ulpici,
Cato, R. R. 71:
allii,
Col. 6, 34, 1:
porri,
id. 11, 3, 17:
papaveris,
Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:
bulborum,
Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:
caulis,
id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:
jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),
Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:
extorum,
Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:
tignorum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 9:
columnae,
Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:
molis,
the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:
xysti,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:
porticus,
id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—
b.
Esp., of rivers,
(α).
The origin, source, spring ( head):
caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,
Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:
fontium,
Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—
(β).
(more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—
c.
Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:
vitis,
id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—
d.
Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —
e.
Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—
f.
Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;
hence, facere,
to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—
II.
Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;
v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:
hoc conruptum'st caput,
id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:
siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:
ridiculum caput!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:
festivum,
id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:
lepidum,
id. ib. 5, 9, 9:
carum,
Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:
liberum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:
vilia,
Liv. 25, 6, 9:
viliora,
id. 9, 26, 22:
vilissima,
id. 24, 5, 13:
ignota,
id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:
liberorum servorumque,
id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:
istic capiti dicito,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:
vae capiti tuo,
id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:
capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,
souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:
quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:
in singulos,
id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:
exactio capitum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,
capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,
Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—
III.
Trop.
1.
Life, and specif.,
a.
Physical life:
carum,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:
si capitis res siet,
if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:
capitis poena,
capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:
pactum pro capite pretium,
Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:
cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,
id. ib. 1, 12, 38:
cum dimicatione capitis,
id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:
suo capite decernere,
id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:
caput offerre pro patriā,
Cic. Sull. 30, 84:
patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,
Ov. M. 8, 94; so,
capitis accusare,
to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:
absolvere,
id. Milt. 7, 6:
damnare,
id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:
tergo ac capite puniri,
Liv. 3, 55, 14:
caput Jovi sacrum,
id. 3, 55, 7:
sacratum,
id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—
b.
Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;
cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,
Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:
capitis minor,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:
servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,
Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—
2.
The first or chief person or thing, the head, leader, chief, guide (very freq.).
(α).
With gen.:
scelerum,
an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:
perjuri,
id. ib. 4, 4, 55:
concitandorum Graecorum,
Cic. Fl. 18, 42:
consilil,
Liv. 8, 31, 7:
conjurationis,
id. 9, 26, 7:
caput rei Romanae Camillus,
id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:
caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,
id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:
reipublicae,
Tac. A. 1, 13:
nominis Latini,
heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:
belli,
id. 45, 7, 3:
Suevorum,
chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:
capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,
Liv. 10, 1, 3.—
(β).
With esse and dat.:
ego caput fui argento reperiundo,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:
illic est huic rei caput,
author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—
(γ).
Absol.:
urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:
corpori valido caput deerat,
guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:
esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,
id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;
thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,
head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:
pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,
Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:
Romam caput Latio esse,
id. 8, 4, 5; and:
brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,
id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:
castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,
the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:
jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,
the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:
patrimonii publici,
id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:
caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,
id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;
ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,
id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:
litterarum,
summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:
caput Epicuri,
the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:
a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,
Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:
id quod caput est,
Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;
opp. usurae),
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caput
20 kaput

căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:
capiti,
Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].
I.
The head, of men and animals:
oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,
Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:
tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,
cano capite,
id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:
capitis nives,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:
raso capite calvus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:
irraso,
id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:
intonsum,
Quint. 12, 10, 47:
amputare alicui,
Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:
capite operto,
Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:
obvoluto,
id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:
caput aperire,
id. ib.:
abscindere cervicibus,
id. ib. 11, 2, 5:
demittere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:
extollere,
to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—
b.
Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:
ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,
over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:
nec caput nec pedes,
neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—
c.
Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—
d.
Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:
aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,
run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—
e.
Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—
2.
Transf., of inanimate things.
a.
In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):
ulpici,
Cato, R. R. 71:
allii,
Col. 6, 34, 1:
porri,
id. 11, 3, 17:
papaveris,
Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:
bulborum,
Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:
caulis,
id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:
jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),
Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:
extorum,
Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:
tignorum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 9:
columnae,
Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:
molis,
the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:
xysti,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:
porticus,
id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—
b.
Esp., of rivers,
(α).
The origin, source, spring ( head):
caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,
Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:
fontium,
Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—
(β).
(more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—
c.
Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:
vitis,
id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—
d.
Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —
e.
Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—
f.
Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;
hence, facere,
to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—
II.
Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;
v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:
hoc conruptum'st caput,
id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:
siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:
ridiculum caput!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:
festivum,
id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:
lepidum,
id. ib. 5, 9, 9:
carum,
Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:
liberum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:
vilia,
Liv. 25, 6, 9:
viliora,
id. 9, 26, 22:
vilissima,
id. 24, 5, 13:
ignota,
id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:
liberorum servorumque,
id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:
istic capiti dicito,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:
vae capiti tuo,
id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:
capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,
souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:
quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:
in singulos,
id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:
exactio capitum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,
capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,
Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—
III.
Trop.
1.
Life, and specif.,
a.
Physical life:
carum,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:
si capitis res siet,
if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:
capitis poena,
capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:
pactum pro capite pretium,
Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:
cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,
id. ib. 1, 12, 38:
cum dimicatione capitis,
id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:
suo capite decernere,
id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:
caput offerre pro patriā,
Cic. Sull. 30, 84:
patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,
Ov. M. 8, 94; so,
capitis accusare,
to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:
absolvere,
id. Milt. 7, 6:
damnare,
id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:
tergo ac capite puniri,
Liv. 3, 55, 14:
caput Jovi sacrum,
id. 3, 55, 7:
sacratum,
id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—
b.
Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;
cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,
Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:
capitis minor,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:
servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,
Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—
2.
The first or chief person or thing, the head, leader, chief, guide (very freq.).
(α).
With gen.:
scelerum,
an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:
perjuri,
id. ib. 4, 4, 55:
concitandorum Graecorum,
Cic. Fl. 18, 42:
consilil,
Liv. 8, 31, 7:
conjurationis,
id. 9, 26, 7:
caput rei Romanae Camillus,
id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:
caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,
id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:
reipublicae,
Tac. A. 1, 13:
nominis Latini,
heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:
belli,
id. 45, 7, 3:
Suevorum,
chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:
capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,
Liv. 10, 1, 3.—
(β).
With esse and dat.:
ego caput fui argento reperiundo,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:
illic est huic rei caput,
author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—
(γ).
Absol.:
urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:
corpori valido caput deerat,
guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:
esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,
id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;
thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,
head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:
pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,
Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:
Romam caput Latio esse,
id. 8, 4, 5; and:
brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,
id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:
castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,
the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:
jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,
the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:
patrimonii publici,
id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:
caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,
id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;
ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,
id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:
litterarum,
summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:
caput Epicuri,
the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:
a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,
Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:
id quod caput est,
Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;
opp. usurae),
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

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